diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/CHANGELOG.md b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/CHANGELOG.md
index ef12e6e59ade..0376282e3768 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
 ### Bugs Fixed
 
 ### Other Changes
+
 - VisualStudioCodeCredential prints an informative error message when used (as it is currently broken) ([#30385](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/pull/30385))
+- Removed dependency on `six`. ([#30613](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/pull/30613))
 
 ## 1.13.0 (2023-05-11)
 
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azd_cli.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azd_cli.py
index 386a07db3ac6..f4679603d852 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azd_cli.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azd_cli.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
-import six
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError
@@ -206,8 +205,8 @@ def _run_command(command: str, timeout: int) -> str:
     except OSError as ex:
         # failed to execute 'cmd' or '/bin/sh'
         error = CredentialUnavailableError(message="Failed to execute '{}'".format(args[0]))
-        six.raise_from(error, ex)
+        raise error from ex
     except Exception as ex:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
         # could be a timeout, for example
         error = CredentialUnavailableError(message="Failed to invoke the Azure Developer CLI")
-        six.raise_from(error, ex)
+        raise error from ex
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_cli.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_cli.py
index 7e5f49b0a904..f47bf902f7c6 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_cli.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_cli.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 import sys
 import time
 from typing import List, Optional, Any, Dict
-import six
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError
@@ -184,8 +183,8 @@ def _run_command(command: str, timeout: int) -> str:
     except OSError as ex:
         # failed to execute 'cmd' or '/bin/sh'
         error = CredentialUnavailableError(message="Failed to execute '{}'".format(args[0]))
-        six.raise_from(error, ex)
+        raise error from ex
     except Exception as ex:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
         # could be a timeout, for example
         error = CredentialUnavailableError(message="Failed to invoke the Azure CLI")
-        six.raise_from(error, ex)
+        raise error from ex
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_powershell.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_powershell.py
index 4a8cfe68be0e..cbad4d1994fa 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_powershell.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/azure_powershell.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from typing import List, Tuple, Optional, Any
-import six
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ def run_command_line(command_line: List[str], timeout: int) -> str:
             message="Failed to invoke PowerShell.\n"
                     "To mitigate this issue, please refer to the troubleshooting guidelines here at "
                     "https://aka.ms/azsdk/python/identity/powershellcredential/troubleshoot.")
-        six.raise_from(error, ex)
+        raise error from ex
 
     raise_for_error(proc.returncode, stdout, stderr)
     return stdout
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/certificate.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/certificate.py
index dcce3528e65b..87527b081b60 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/certificate.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/certificate.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, serialization
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import RSAPrivateKey
 from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
-import six
 
 from .._internal import validate_tenant_id
 from .._internal.client_credential_base import ClientCredentialBase
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ def load_pkcs12_certificate(
         )
     except ValueError as ex:
         # mentioning PEM here because we raise this error when certificate_data is garbage
-        six.raise_from(ValueError("Failed to deserialize certificate in PEM or PKCS12 format"), ex)
+        raise ValueError("Failed to deserialize certificate in PEM or PKCS12 format") from ex
     if not private_key:
         raise ValueError("The certificate must include its private key")
     if not cert:
@@ -154,8 +153,9 @@ def get_client_credential(
         raise ValueError('CertificateCredential requires a value for either "certificate_path" or "certificate_data"')
 
     if password:
-        # if password is already bytes, this won't change its encoding
-        password = six.ensure_binary(password, "utf-8")
+        # if password is already bytes, no need to encode.
+        if isinstance(password, str):
+            password = password.encode("utf-8")
     password = cast("Optional[bytes]", password)
 
     if b"-----BEGIN" in certificate_data:
@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ def get_client_credential(
         try:
             # the JWT needs the whole chain but load_pem_x509_certificate deserializes only the signing cert
             chain = extract_cert_chain(cert.pem_bytes)
-            client_credential["public_certificate"] = six.ensure_str(chain)
+            client_credential["public_certificate"] = chain.decode("utf-8")
         except ValueError as ex:
             # we shouldn't land here--cryptography already loaded the cert and would have raised if it were malformed
-            six.raise_from(ValueError("Malformed certificate"), ex)
+            raise ValueError("Malformed certificate") from ex
 
     return client_credential
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/imds.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/imds.py
index c32a19ebffb5..22d4c4a8a8c6 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/imds.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/imds.py
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 import os
 from typing import Any, Optional, Dict
 
-import six
-
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError, HttpResponseError
 from azure.core.pipeline.transport import HttpRequest
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ def _request_token(self, *scopes: str, **kwargs: Any) -> AccessToken:
                 self._error_message = (
                     "ManagedIdentityCredential authentication unavailable, no response from the IMDS endpoint."
                 )
-                six.raise_from(CredentialUnavailableError(self._error_message), ex)
+                raise CredentialUnavailableError(self._error_message) from ex
 
         if not self._endpoint_available:
             raise CredentialUnavailableError(self._error_message)
@@ -100,8 +98,8 @@ def _request_token(self, *scopes: str, **kwargs: Any) -> AccessToken:
                     self._error_message += "The requested identity has not been assigned to this resource."
                 else:
                     self._error_message += "No identity has been assigned to this resource."
-                six.raise_from(CredentialUnavailableError(message=self._error_message), ex)
+                raise CredentialUnavailableError(message=self._error_message) from ex
 
             # any other error is unexpected
-            six.raise_from(ClientAuthenticationError(message=ex.message, response=ex.response), ex)
+            raise ClientAuthenticationError(message=ex.message, response=ex.response) from ex
         return token
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/on_behalf_of.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/on_behalf_of.py
index 78c11247d943..755e22628062 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/on_behalf_of.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_credentials/on_behalf_of.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import time
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-import six
 import msal
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ def __init__(
                 message = (
                     '"client_certificate" is not a valid certificate in PEM or PKCS12 format'
                 )
-                six.raise_from(ValueError(message), ex)
+                raise ValueError(message) from ex
         elif client_secret:
             credential = client_secret
         else:
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aad_client_base.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aad_client_base.py
index cfef85e4fb3a..0e8c210d58dd 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aad_client_base.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aad_client_base.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 from uuid import uuid4
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Any, Iterable, Optional, Union, Dict
 
-import six
 from msal import TokenCache
 
 from azure.core.pipeline import PipelineResponse
@@ -208,22 +207,15 @@ def _get_jwt_assertion_request(
 
     def _get_client_certificate_assertion(self, certificate: AadClientCertificate, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
         now = int(time.time())
-        header = six.ensure_binary(
-            json.dumps({"typ": "JWT", "alg": "RS256", "x5t": certificate.thumbprint}), encoding="utf-8"
-        )
-        payload = six.ensure_binary(
-            json.dumps(
-                {
-                    "jti": str(uuid4()),
-                    "aud": self._get_token_url(**kwargs),
-                    "iss": self._client_id,
-                    "sub": self._client_id,
-                    "nbf": now,
-                    "exp": now + (60 * 30),
-                }
-            ),
-            encoding="utf-8",
-        )
+        header = json.dumps({"typ": "JWT", "alg": "RS256", "x5t": certificate.thumbprint}).encode("utf-8")
+        payload = json.dumps({
+            "jti": str(uuid4()),
+            "aud": self._get_token_url(**kwargs),
+            "iss": self._client_id,
+            "sub": self._client_id,
+            "nbf": now,
+            "exp": now + (60 * 30),
+        }).encode("utf-8")
         jws = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(header) + b"." + base64.urlsafe_b64encode(payload)
         signature = certificate.sign(jws)
         jwt_bytes = jws + b"." + base64.urlsafe_b64encode(signature)
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aadclient_certificate.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aadclient_certificate.py
index 73cefaeb4884..4d9a1e82f6f0 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aadclient_certificate.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/aadclient_certificate.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import RSAPrivateKey
 from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
-import six
 
 
 class AadClientCertificate:
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ def __init__(
 
         cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(pem_bytes, default_backend())
         fingerprint = cert.fingerprint(hashes.SHA1())  # nosec
-        self._thumbprint = six.ensure_str(base64.urlsafe_b64encode(fingerprint), encoding="utf-8")
+        self._thumbprint = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(fingerprint).decode("utf-8")
 
     @property
     def thumbprint(self) -> str:
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/decorators.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/decorators.py
index dcf58d3e38f6..ef7cb88e0cbc 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/decorators.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/decorators.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import json
 import base64
 
-from six import raise_from
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError
 
 from .utils import within_credential_chain
@@ -76,6 +75,6 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             raise
         except Exception as ex:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
             auth_error = ClientAuthenticationError(message="Authentication failed: {}".format(ex))
-            raise_from(auth_error, ex)
+            raise auth_error from ex
 
     return wrapper
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/interactive.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/interactive.py
index 79e69c5e65a1..b372de4e7878 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/interactive.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/interactive.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import logging
 import time
 from typing import Any, Optional
-import six
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def _build_auth_record(response):
             home_account_id = id_token["sub"]
 
         # "iss" is the URL of the issuing tenant e.g. https://authority/tenant
-        issuer = six.moves.urllib_parse.urlparse(id_token["iss"])
+        issuer = urlparse(id_token["iss"])
 
         # tenant which issued the token, not necessarily user's home tenant
         tenant_id = id_token.get("tid") or issuer.path.strip("/")
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def _build_auth_record(response):
         auth_error = ClientAuthenticationError(
             message="Failed to build AuthenticationRecord from unexpected identity token"
         )
-        six.raise_from(auth_error, ex)
+        raise auth_error from ex
 
 
 class InteractiveCredential(MsalCredential, ABC):
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/managed_identity_client.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/managed_identity_client.py
index 2562a4fc08af..107d03edb74c 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/managed_identity_client.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/managed_identity_client.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional
 
 from msal import TokenCache
-import six
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError, DecodeError
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ def _process_response(self, response: PipelineResponse, request_time: int) -> Ac
                     message = "Failed to deserialize JSON from response"
                 else:
                     message = 'Unexpected content type "{}"'.format(response.http_response.content_type)
-                six.raise_from(ClientAuthenticationError(message=message, response=response.http_response), ex)
+                raise ClientAuthenticationError(message=message, response=response.http_response) from ex
 
         if not content:
             raise ClientAuthenticationError(message="No token received.", response=response.http_response)
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/msal_client.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/msal_client.py
index 7e90c2ac4def..3408d395f69c 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/msal_client.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/msal_client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 import threading
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
-import six
 
 from azure.core.exceptions import ClientAuthenticationError
 from azure.core.pipeline.policies import ContentDecodePolicy
@@ -84,8 +83,8 @@ def post(
             if isinstance(data, dict):
                 request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
                 request.set_formdata_body(data)
-            elif isinstance(data, six.text_type):
-                body_bytes = six.ensure_binary(data)
+            elif isinstance(data, str):
+                body_bytes = data.encode("utf-8")
                 request.set_bytes_body(body_bytes)
             else:
                 raise ValueError('expected "data" to be text or a dict')
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/shared_token_cache.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/shared_token_cache.py
index 09c96006f010..b4058ea8bd93 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/shared_token_cache.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_internal/shared_token_cache.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import time
 from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, cast
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
-import six
 import msal
 
 from azure.core.credentials import AccessToken
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ def _get_cached_access_token(self, scopes: Iterable[str], account: CacheItem) ->
                     return AccessToken(token["secret"], expires_on)
         except Exception as ex:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
             message = "Error accessing cached data: {}".format(ex)
-            six.raise_from(CredentialUnavailableError(message=message), ex)
+            raise CredentialUnavailableError(message=message) from ex
 
         return None
 
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ def _get_refresh_tokens(self, account):
             return [token["secret"] for token in cache_entries if "secret" in token]
         except Exception as ex:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
             message = "Error accessing cached data: {}".format(ex)
-            six.raise_from(CredentialUnavailableError(message=message), ex)
+            raise CredentialUnavailableError(message=message) from ex
 
     @staticmethod
     def supported() -> bool:
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_persistent_cache.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_persistent_cache.py
index 79e035334ed7..f50d55ec15c9 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_persistent_cache.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/azure/identity/_persistent_cache.py
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 import sys
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
-import six
-
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import msal_extensions
 
@@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ def _get_persistence(allow_unencrypted, account_name, cache_name):
                     + ' more information. Specify "allow_unencrypted_storage=True" to store the cache unencrypted'
                     + " instead of raising this exception."
                 )
-                six.raise_from(error, ex)
+                raise error from ex
         return msal_extensions.FilePersistence(file_path)
 
     raise NotImplementedError("A persistent cache is not available in this environment.")
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/setup.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/setup.py
index 1276be1f2a81..cecdfec3fa74 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/setup.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/setup.py
@@ -62,6 +62,5 @@
         "cryptography>=2.5",
         "msal<2.0.0,>=1.20.0",
         "msal-extensions<2.0.0,>=0.3.0",
-        "six>=1.12.0",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/conftest.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/conftest.py
index f52c1f62bc4f..63f7438de994 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/conftest.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 from unittest import mock
 import pytest
-import six
 from devtools_testutils import test_proxy, add_general_regex_sanitizer, is_live, add_body_key_sanitizer
 from azure.identity._constants import DEVELOPER_SIGN_ON_CLIENT_ID, EnvironmentVariables
 
@@ -78,9 +77,9 @@ def get_certificate_parameters(content, password_protected_content, password, ex
     # type: (bytes, bytes, str, str) -> dict
     current_directory = os.path.dirname(__file__)
     parameters = {
-        "cert_bytes": six.ensure_binary(content),
+        "cert_bytes": content,
         "cert_path": os.path.join(current_directory, "certificate." + extension),
-        "cert_with_password_bytes": six.ensure_binary(password_protected_content),
+        "cert_with_password_bytes": password_protected_content,
         "cert_with_password_path": os.path.join(current_directory, "certificate-with-password." + extension),
         "password": password,
     }
@@ -103,7 +102,8 @@ def live_pem_certificate(live_service_principal):
     password = os.environ.get("CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD")
 
     if content and password_protected_content and password:
-        parameters = get_certificate_parameters(content, password_protected_content, password, "pem")
+        parameters = get_certificate_parameters(
+            content.encode("utf-8"), password_protected_content.encode("utf-8"), password, "pem")
         return dict(live_service_principal, **parameters)
 
     pytest.skip("Missing PEM certificate configuration")
@@ -118,9 +118,8 @@ def live_pfx_certificate(live_service_principal):
 
     if encoded_content and encoded_password_protected_content and password:
         import base64
-
-        content = base64.b64decode(six.ensure_binary(encoded_content))
-        password_protected_content = base64.b64decode(six.ensure_binary(encoded_password_protected_content))
+        content = base64.b64decode(encoded_content.encode("utf-8"))
+        password_protected_content = base64.b64decode(encoded_password_protected_content.encode("utf-8"))
 
         parameters = get_certificate_parameters(content, password_protected_content, password, "pfx")
         return dict(live_service_principal, **parameters)
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ def add_sanitizers(test_proxy):
         add_general_regex_sanitizer(regex=user_assigned_identity_client_id, value=PLAYBACK_CLIENT_ID)
     if "CAE_ARM_URL" in os.environ and "CAE_TENANT_ID" in os.environ and "CAE_USERNAME" in os.environ:
         try:
-            from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+            from urllib.parse import urlparse
             arm_url = os.environ["CAE_ARM_URL"]
             real = urlparse(arm_url)
             add_general_regex_sanitizer(regex=real.netloc, value="management.azure.com")
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/helpers.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/helpers.py
index e7ce29403ca1..77ba6110f476 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/helpers.py
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 import base64
 import json
 import time
-
-import six
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 try:
     from unittest import mock
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ def add_discrepancy(name, expected, actual):
         if self.url_substring and self.url_substring not in request.url:
             add_discrepancy("url substring", self.url_substring, request.url)
 
-        parsed = six.moves.urllib_parse.urlparse(request.url)
+        parsed = urlparse(request.url)
         if self.authority and parsed.netloc != self.authority:
             add_discrepancy("authority", self.authority, parsed.netloc)
 
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ def msal_validating_transport(requests, responses, **kwargs):
 
 
 def urlsafeb64_decode(s):
-    if isinstance(s, six.text_type):
+    if isinstance(s, str):
         s = s.encode("ascii")
 
     padding_needed = 4 - len(s) % 4
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_aad_client.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_aad_client.py
index 042643bc3a8e..c68f334626d4 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_aad_client.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_aad_client.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 from msal import TokenCache
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import build_aad_response, mock_response
 from test_certificate_credential import PEM_CERT_PATH
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential.py
index 0d63f47a2134..49235c7fd576 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from azure.identity._credentials.application import AzureApplicationCredential
 from azure.identity._constants import EnvironmentVariables
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 try:
     from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential_async.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential_async.py
index 1677bafb5a60..ce4b3c8e192c 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential_async.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_application_credential_async.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 from azure.identity.aio._credentials.application import AzureApplicationCredential
 from azure.identity._constants import EnvironmentVariables
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import build_aad_response, mock_response
 from helpers_async import get_completed_future
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_auth_code.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_auth_code.py
index 0fe339ad6fc2..31d17bd34180 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_auth_code.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_auth_code.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from azure.identity._internal.user_agent import USER_AGENT
 import msal
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import build_aad_response, mock_response, Request, validating_transport
 
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_certificate_credential.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_certificate_credential.py
index 40be31528673..3b111b79dbee 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_certificate_credential.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_certificate_credential.py
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 from msal import TokenCache
 import msal
 import pytest
-import six
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import (
     build_aad_response,
@@ -253,12 +252,15 @@ def validate_jwt(request, client_id, cert_bytes, cert_password, expect_x5c=False
         cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(cert_bytes, default_backend())
     except ValueError:
         if cert_password:
-            cert_password = six.ensure_binary(cert_password)
+            if isinstance(cert_password, str):
+                cert_password = cert_password.encode("utf-8")
         cert_bytes = load_pkcs12_certificate(cert_bytes, cert_password).pem_bytes
         cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(cert_bytes, default_backend())
 
     # jwt is of the form 'header.payload.signature'; 'signature' is 'header.payload' signed with cert's private key
-    jwt = six.ensure_str(request.body["client_assertion"])
+    jwt = request.body["client_assertion"]
+    if isinstance(jwt, bytes):
+        jwt = jwt.decode("utf-8")
     header, payload, signature = (urlsafeb64_decode(s) for s in jwt.split("."))
     signed_part = jwt[: jwt.rfind(".")]
 
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_client_secret_credential.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_client_secret_credential.py
index 91f0c1c419dd..94a77ed2661d 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_client_secret_credential.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_client_secret_credential.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 from msal import TokenCache
 import msal
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import (
     build_aad_response,
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_default.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_default.py
index ff67bc4c1261..d2b42a29e2aa 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_default.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_default.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from azure.identity._credentials.azd_cli import AzureDeveloperCliCredential
 from azure.identity._credentials.managed_identity import ManagedIdentityCredential
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import mock_response, Request, validating_transport
 from test_shared_cache_credential import build_aad_response, get_account_event, populated_cache
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_shared_cache_credential.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_shared_cache_credential.py
index 21e2b4394346..2f41fee0e2b6 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_shared_cache_credential.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_shared_cache_credential.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 from azure.identity._internal.user_agent import USER_AGENT
 from msal import TokenCache
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 try:
     from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
diff --git a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_vscode_credential.py b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_vscode_credential.py
index 3d1f9f0de1ea..34808dbfeb82 100644
--- a/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_vscode_credential.py
+++ b/sdk/identity/azure-identity/tests/test_vscode_credential.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 from azure.identity._constants import EnvironmentVariables
 from azure.identity._internal.user_agent import USER_AGENT
 import pytest
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from helpers import build_aad_response, mock_response, Request, validating_transport