feat: rename *TypeParts functions to *Constituents

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

PR Checklist

• Addresses an existing open issue: fixes 🚀 Feature: Rename "TypeParts" functions to "Constituents"? #375
• That issue was marked as status: accepting prs
• Steps in CONTRIBUTING.md were taken

Overview

Leaves the old functions as @deprecated variables set to the new ones.

Updates the suggested variable naming from typePart to constituent. I at first had tried typeConstituent but found it to be kind of long.

💖

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 83.33333% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 61.00%. Comparing base (cd60274) to head (f13dbaa).
Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/types/utilities.ts	83.33%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #713      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   60.87%   61.00%   +0.12%     
==========================================
  Files          35       35              
  Lines        2914     2921       +7     
  Branches      463      463              
==========================================
+ Hits         1774     1782       +8     
+ Misses       1140     1139       -1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
4.8.4	58.61% <83.33%> (+0.16%)	⬆️
latest	60.32% <83.33%> (+0.16%)	⬆️

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