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‎changelog/410.docs.md‎

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Add an archive of updates about the forcings sent by the CMIP International Project Office (IPO).

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-01-17.md‎

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# 2025-01-17 update
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## **Historical forcings**
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_CMIP7 datasets for AR7 Fast Track_
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The CMIP Forcings Task Team have been working exceptionally hard and anticipate all piControl and historical CMIP7 DECK forcing datasets to be available for use by 28th February 2025, except for the historical ozone concentrations and nitrogen deposition datasets, which are expected in May 2025.
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_CMIP6Plus testing datasets_
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A number of CMIP6Plus preliminary forcing datasets have already been made [available](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/database-views/input4MIPs_delivery-summary_CMIP6Plus.html) via ESGF through the [input4MIPs project](https://esgf-node.ornl.gov/search/input4MIPs) and are ready for testing by any interested modelling centres or data analysts. We encourage users to test the [available datasets](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/database-views/input4MIPs_delivery-summary_CMIP6Plus.html) and provide feedback via the input4MIPs_CVs repository discussions on [GitHub (https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions)](https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions).
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For further details on the CMIP DECK forcing suite please see the [CMIP Forcings Task Team webpage](https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip7-task-teams/forcings/), the recent open community drop-in session [slides](https://wcrp-cmip.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-29_Forcings-drop-in_session.pdf) and [recording](https://esait.webex.com/esait/ldr.php?RCID=19a0cdb6fd9d5ada593958dfb1a9daf2), and the input4MIPs documentation repository (https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/)
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**PLEASE NOTE:** All CMIP6Plus era data sets are for testing purposes only, i.e. they are not to be relied upon for CMIP7 production runs.
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## **Scenarios and harmonisation**
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We anticipate some scenario forcings datasets may be available for testing as early as April 2025 with others expected by October 2025. With the ScenarioMIP description manuscript now out for review, we anticipate final scenario forcing datasets to be available once the ScenarioMIP team has finalized the protocol and the participating socioeconomic modelling teams (i.e. Integrated Assessment Models, or IAMs) have produced scenarios in line with this protocol. The Forcings Task Team is working on establishing a firmer timeline for the scenario forcing delivery and is at the final stages of planning for the harmonisation, which is part of providing scenario forcings.

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-01-31.md‎

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# 2025-01-31 update
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## Update on CMIP6Plus stratospheric aerosol optical property and volcanic sulfur emission datasets
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Version 1.3.0 of the CMIP6Plus stratospheric aerosol optical property and volcanic sulfur emission datasets are now [available on ESGF](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1blX5kv0We1BteqWzMKs0OuhazAcAonay/edit) with succinct documentation [available here](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/stratospheric-volcanic-so2-emissions-aod/#cmip7). A key development in this version is the addition of small-magnitude volcanic eruption pre-satellite era, addressing an important bias in previous versions. This development means that the piControl climatology for stratospheric aerosol optical properties should be very stable from now on, and that if you start spinning up your model with this version, we expect minor effects when you implement future updates, including the final version that will be frozen for use in the AR7 Fast Track at the end of February. We encourage users to test the available datasets and provide feedback via the input4MIPs_CVs repository discussions on [GitHub](https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions).

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-03-27.md‎

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# 2025-03-27 update
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The [CMIP Forcings Task Team](https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip7-task-teams/forcings/) would like to provide an update on the availability of CMIP7 forcings datasets:
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- CMIP7 Anthropogenic short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) and CO2 emissions data is now [available](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/anthropogenic-slcf-co2-emissions/#cmip7).
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- For models with interactive chemistry, all data sets required for piControl and historical simulations are now available.
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- For models that require ozone and nitrogen deposition as inputs, we expect ozone and nitrogen deposition piControl datasets to be available before the end of April.
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- Please see [https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-phases/cmip7/cmip7-forcing-datasets/](https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-phases/cmip7/cmip7-forcing-datasets/) for links to the data, where and how to feedback, and how to ensure you stay updated on the latest announcements.

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-04-15.md‎

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# 2025-04-15 update
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## IMPORTANT: Errors in Table 1 of Dunne et al, 2025
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We are aware that some of you are already following the <a
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href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-3874/"
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target="_parent">An evolving Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7
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(CMIP7) and Fast Track in support of future climate assessment</a> preprint
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Table 1. Some errors have been found regarding the volcanic and solar forcing
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entries, which will be corrected for final submission.
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These are highlighted below in bold.
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Experiment short name | Experiment description | Anthropogenic Forcing | Volcanic Forcing | Solar Forcing | Start Year | End Year | Main purpose
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------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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amip | Atmosphere with SSTs and SICs prescribed | Time-varying | Time-varying | Time-varying | 1979 | 2021 | Evaluation, SST/sea ice forced variability
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piControl and/or esm-piControl | Coupled atmosphere-ocean pre-industrial control | All 1850, CO2 prescribed concentration or zero emissions | Fixed mean radiative forcing matching historical simulation (i.e. 1850–2021 mean) | Fixed mean value matching first two solar cycles of the historical simulation (i.e. 1850–1873 mean) | 1 | 400+ | Evaluation, unforced variability
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abrupt- 4xCO2 | CO2 prescribed to 4 times preindustrial | Same as piControl except CO2 concentration prescribed to 4 times piControl | Same as piControl | Same as piControl | 1 (branching from year 101 or later of piControl) | **300+ (1000)** | Equilibrium climate sensitivity, feedback, fast responses
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1pctCO2 | CO2 prescribed to increase at 1% yr-1 | Same as piControl except CO2 prescribed to increase at 1% yr-1 | **Same as piControl** | **Same as piControl** | 1 (branching from year 101 or later of piControl) | 150 | Transient climate sensitivity
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historical and/or esm-hist | Simulation of the recent past | All time varying, CO2 prescribed concentration or emission | **Time varying** | **Time varying** | 1850 | 2021 | Evaluation
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piClim-Control (amip) | Preindustrial conditions including SST and SIC prescribed | All 1850, CO2 prescribed concentration | Same as piControl | Same as piControl | 1 | 30 | Baseline for model-specific effective radiative forcing (ERF) calculations
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piClim-anthro (amip) | As piClim-Control except present-day anthropogenic forcing | All 2021, CO2 prescribed concentration | Same as piControl | Same as piControl | 1 | 30 | Quantify present-day total anthropogenic ERF
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piClim-4xCO2 (amip) | As piClim-Control except CO2 concentrations set to 4 times preindustrial | All 1850 except CO2 prescribed at 4 times preindustrial concentration | Same as piControl | Same as piControl | 1 | 30 | Quantify ERF of 4 × CO2
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CMIP Panel, WIP and relevant TTs are working on a dynamic format for the
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experiment specifications to ensure everyone can access the most up to date
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information rather than referring to a static paper going forwards. In the
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meantime, for forcings information and descriptions, we strongly recommend
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referring to the information/documentation found at <a
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href="https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-phases/cmip7/cmip7-forcing-datasets/">https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-phases/cmip7/cmip7-forcing-datasets/</a>
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linking to the dataset overviews at <a
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href="https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/">https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-10-14.md‎

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# 2025-10-14 update
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## All CMIP7 DECK historical forcings now available!
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The CMIP Forcings Task Team would like to make you all aware that the full set of CMIP7 DECK historical forcings are now available and can be accessed [here](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/) and below:
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1. [Anthropogenic short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/anthropogenic-slcf-co2-emissions/)
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2. [Open biomass burning emissions](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/open-biomass-burning-emissions/)
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3. [Land use](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/land-use/)
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4. [Greenhouse gas concentrations](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/greenhouse-gas-concentrations/)
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5. [CO<sub>2</sub> isotopes](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/co2-isotopes/)
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6. [Stratospheric volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions and aerosol optical properties](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/stratospheric-volcanic-so2-emissions-aod/)
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7. [Ozone concentrations](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/ozone/)
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8. [Nitrogen deposition](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/nitrogen-deposition/)
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9. [Solar](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/solar/)
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10. [AMIP sea-surface temperature and sea-ice boundary forcing](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/amip-sst-sea-ice-boundary-forcing/)
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11. [Aerosol optical properties/MACv2-SP](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/aerosol-optical-properties-macv2-sp/)
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12. [Population density](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/population/)
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Please continue to ask questions and engage in discussions at the [input4MIPs Github discussions](https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions) and find all information relevant to CMIP7 Forcing datasets at https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-phases/cmip7/cmip7-forcing-datasets/
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The TT is now working hard on delivering draft and final versions of the scenario forcings and will keep you regularly updated on the progress.

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-10-17.md‎

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# 2025-10-17 update
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## Request for feedback on Scenario Emission test datasets
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The testing data for scenario emissions is now on ESGF and available at [https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/anthropogenic-slcf-co2-emissions/#scenariomip](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/anthropogenic-slcf-co2-emissions/#scenariomip).
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In order to deliver the final product as soon as possible it is important that the team receives any feedback on the data within the next 1-2 weeks. A Github issue has been set up at [https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions/386](https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions/386) to signpost the data and gather feedback from you all.
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Based on this feedback, the team will revise the data as much as needed to deliver a final product before the end of October. Feedback received after this time will not be integrated into the final product.
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Contact: Jarmo Kikstra [kikstra@iiasa.ac.at](mailto:kikstra@iiasa.ac.at)
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## CMIP7 stratospheric aerosol paper in open peer review
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The first documentation paper from the volcanic emissions team documenting the optical property dataset is now open for peer review at [https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4990/](https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4990/) and the team welcomes community feedback.

‎docs/forcings-email-archive/2025-10-29.md‎

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# 2025-10-29 update
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## CMIP7 DECK historical forcings
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The full set of CMIP7 DECK historical forcings are now available and can be accessed [here](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/) and below:
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1. [Anthropogenic short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/anthropogenic-slcf-co2-emissions/)
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2. [Open biomass burning emissions](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/open-biomass-burning-emissions/)
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3. [Land use](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/land-use/)
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4. [Greenhouse gas concentrations](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/greenhouse-gas-concentrations/)
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5. [CO<sub>2</sub> isotopes](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/co2-isotopes/)
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6. [Stratospheric volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions and aerosol optical properties](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/stratospheric-volcanic-so2-emissions-aod/)
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7. [Ozone concentrations](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/ozone/)
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8. [Nitrogen deposition](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/nitrogen-deposition/)
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9. [Solar](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/solar/)
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10. [AMIP sea-surface temperature and sea-ice boundary forcing](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/amip-sst-sea-ice-boundary-forcing/)
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11. [Aerosol optical properties/MACv2-SP](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/aerosol-optical-properties-macv2-sp/)
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12. [Population density](https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/population/)
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Please continue to ask questions and engage in discussions at the [input4MIPs Github discussions](https://github.com/PCMDI/input4MIPs_CVs/discussions) and find all information relevant to CMIP7 Forcing datasets at https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-phases/cmip7/cmip7-forcing-datasets/
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## CMIP7 scenarios update and forcings development
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**Scenarios update**
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Responding to comments received during open community review of van Vuuren et al (2025) the ScenarioMIP Scientific Steering Committee and Advisory Group have updated some of the CMIP7 scenario names. Very Low Low Overshoot (VLLO) becomes Very Low (VL) and Very Low High Overshoot (VLHO) becomes Low to Negative (LN). A High-Low (HL) scenario that follows the high scenario until rapid mitigation begins around 2050 has also been added. An updated version of [van Vuuren et al (2025)](https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2024-3765/) is expected to be available very soon.
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**CMIP7 Scenario forcing development**
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A number of preliminary scenario forcing datasets have already been made available via ESGF (see here for more information and links to the data) and are ready for testing by any interested modelling centres or data analysts. We encourage users to test the available datasets and provide feedback via input4MIPs Github discussions as soon as possible to refine the final scenario forcing development.
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A small number of the scenario forcings (land use, ozone and nitrogen deposition) cannot produce all seven scenarios at the same time. Therefore, a scenario running order has been developed in close collaboration with ScenarioMIP and downstream activities such as ISIMIP, ISMIP7 and CORDEX, who require scenario data by July 2026 to facilitate their contribution to AR7. As outlined in Dunne et al. (2025) the CMIP Panel strongly encourages modelling centres to follow a running order, first running the H and VL scenario simulations, for which scenario forcings will be delivered by January 2026. Within the survey, accompanying this update, we are requesting feedback to support further guidance on the running order of the remaining scenarios up to 2100 and extensions out to 2300/2500.
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Scenario | Scenario extension | Based on SSP
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-------------------- | ------------------ | ------------
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High (H)* | H-ext | SSP3
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Very Low (VL)* | VL-ext | SSP1
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High Low (HL) | HL-ext | SSP5
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Medium (M) | M-ext | SSP2
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Medium Low (ML) | ML-ext | SSP2
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Low (L) | L-ext | SSP2
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Low to Negative (LN) | LN-ext | SSP2
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**Note:** H and VL will be made available first to allow the
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chemistry-climate models to be initiated.

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