feat(SetTheory/Cardinal): formulas for sum (fun n : ℕ ↦ x ^ n) (leanprover-community#32645)

Author: vihdzp

Mathlib/SetTheory/Cardinal/Arithmetic.lean

@@ -664,19 +664,31 @@ theorem mk_list_eq_mk (α : Type u) [Infinite α] : #(List α) = #α :=
 theorem mk_list_eq_aleph0 (α : Type u) [Countable α] [Nonempty α] : #(List α) = ℵ₀ :=
   mk_le_aleph0.antisymm (aleph0_le_mk _)
 
-theorem mk_list_eq_max_mk_aleph0 (α : Type u) [Nonempty α] : #(List α) = max #α ℵ₀ := by
+theorem mk_list_eq_max (α : Type u) [Nonempty α] : #(List α) = max ℵ₀ #α := by
   cases finite_or_infinite α
-  · rw [mk_list_eq_aleph0, eq_comm, max_eq_right]
+  · rw [mk_list_eq_aleph0, eq_comm, max_eq_left]
     exact mk_le_aleph0
-  · rw [mk_list_eq_mk, eq_comm, max_eq_left]
+  · rw [mk_list_eq_mk, eq_comm, max_eq_right]
     exact aleph0_le_mk α
 
+-- TODO: standardize whether we write `max ℵ₀ x` or `max x ℵ₀`.
+theorem mk_list_eq_max_mk_aleph0 (α : Type u) [Nonempty α] : #(List α) = max #α ℵ₀ := by
+  rw [mk_list_eq_max, max_comm]
+
+theorem sum_pow_eq_max_aleph0 {x : Cardinal} (h : x ≠ 0) : sum (fun n ↦ x ^ n) = max ℵ₀ x := by
+  have := nonempty_out h
+  conv_lhs => rw [← x.mk_out, ← mk_list_eq_sum_pow, mk_list_eq_max, mk_out]
+
 theorem mk_list_le_max (α : Type u) : #(List α) ≤ max ℵ₀ #α := by
   cases finite_or_infinite α
   · exact mk_le_aleph0.trans (le_max_left _ _)
   · rw [mk_list_eq_mk]
     apply le_max_right
 
+theorem sum_pow_le_max_aleph0 (x : Cardinal) : sum (fun n ↦ x ^ n) ≤ max ℵ₀ x := by
+  rw [← x.mk_out, ← mk_list_eq_sum_pow]
+  exact mk_list_le_max _
+
 @[simp]
 theorem mk_finset_of_infinite (α : Type u) [Infinite α] : #(Finset α) = #α := by
   classical

Mathlib/SetTheory/Cardinal/Basic.lean

@@ -615,10 +615,13 @@ theorem mk_singleton {α : Type u} (x : α) : #({x} : Set α) = 1 :=
 theorem mk_vector (α : Type u) (n : ℕ) : #(List.Vector α n) = #α ^ n :=
   (mk_congr (Equiv.vectorEquivFin α n)).trans <| by simp
 
-theorem mk_list_eq_sum_pow (α : Type u) : #(List α) = sum fun n : ℕ => #α ^ n :=
+theorem mk_list_eq_sum_pow (α : Type u) : #(List α) = sum fun n ↦ #α ^ n :=
   calc
     #(List α) = #(Σ n, List.Vector α n) := mk_congr (Equiv.sigmaFiberEquiv List.length).symm
-    _ = sum fun n : ℕ => #α ^ n := by simp
+    _ = sum fun n ↦ #α ^ n := by simp
+
+theorem sum_zero_pow : sum (fun n ↦ (0 : Cardinal) ^ n) = 1 := by
+  rw [← mk_eq_zero (α := PEmpty), ← mk_list_eq_sum_pow, mk_eq_one]
 
 theorem mk_quot_le {α : Type u} {r : α → α → Prop} : #(Quot r) ≤ #α :=
   mk_le_of_surjective Quot.exists_rep

Mathlib/SetTheory/Cardinal/Defs.lean

@@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ theorem mk_ne_zero_iff {α : Type u} : #α ≠ 0 ↔ Nonempty α :=
 theorem mk_ne_zero (α : Type u) [Nonempty α] : #α ≠ 0 :=
   mk_ne_zero_iff.2 ‹_›
 
+theorem nonempty_out {x : Cardinal} (h : x ≠ 0) : Nonempty x.out := by
+  rwa [← mk_ne_zero_iff, mk_out]
+
 instance : One Cardinal.{u} :=
   -- `PUnit` might be more canonical, but this is convenient for defeq with natCast
   ⟨lift #(Fin 1)⟩