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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: introduction-to-ngs-sequencing.qmd
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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ What this means is that because of this complementary pairing, regardless of whi
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This complementary base pairing characteristic of a DNA molecule is a critical factor of how DNA gets replicated (or copied) within a cell.
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At it's core, DNA replication consists of:
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At its core, DNA replication consists of:
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1. Unwinding the DNA helix and separating the two strands, by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases using a helicase enzyme
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2. Using a polymerase enzyme to add complementary new 'free' nucleotides floating in the cell to the exposed base on the strand (repeating this step for each base until a 'stop' signal is received)
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These new sequencers were able to quickly and cheaply sequence millions of DNA molecules at once, revolutionising genetics and enabling 'accessible' genomics to a much wider group of scientists [@Koboldt2013-kk].
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While a few companies emerged with competing NGS sequencers employing different techniques, such as PacBio and IonTorrent, the platform that was been by far the most successful is the one from Illumina [@Heather2015-zo].
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While a few companies emerged with competing NGS sequencers employing different techniques, such as PacBio and IonTorrent, the platform that has been by far the most successful is the one from Illumina [@Heather2015-zo].
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These Illumina machines have been so successful, they have almost exclusively sequenced the entire corpus of ancient DNA sequencing data.
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Therefore the rest of this chapter will focus just on Illumina sequencing.
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6. Clip off the fluorophore part of the nucleotide
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7. Repeat 2-6 until the entire strand is sequenced
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On Illumina sequencers, the number of repetitions (known as cycles) typically happens either 50, 75, or 125 times, depending on the machine and the type of sequencing chemistry kit.
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On Illumina sequencers, the number of repetitions (known as cycles) typically happens either 50, 75, or 150 times, depending on the machine and the type of sequencing chemistry kit.
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We can see a small fraction of such a flow cell in @fig-intro-ngs-fig-sbsimagecapture.
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Each coloured dot corresponds to a cluster of DNA molecules.
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