[SPARK-55172][PYTHON][INFRA] Remove unused packages from python 3.12 test image

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Remove unused packages from python test images

### Why are the changes needed?
clean up and 1GB more for test

before
```
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay          72G   48G   24G  67% /
tmpfs            64M     0   64M   0% /dev
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/root        72G   48G   24G  67% /__t
tmpfs           3.2G  1.1M  3.2G   1% /run/docker.sock
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/firmware
```

after
```
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay          72G   48G   25G  67% /
tmpfs            64M     0   64M   0% /dev
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/root        72G   48G   25G  67% /__w
tmpfs           3.2G  1.1M  3.2G   1% /run/docker.sock
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/firmware
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No, infra-only

### How was this patch tested?
CI

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
No

Closes #53955 from zhengruifeng/image_clean_up.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <[email protected]>

Author: zhengruifeng

dev/spark-test-image/python-312/Dockerfile

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ LABEL org.opencontainers.image.ref.name="Apache Spark Infra Image For PySpark wi
 # Overwrite this label to avoid exposing the underlying Ubuntu OS version label
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version=""
 
-ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20250618
+ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20260124
 
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
@@ -36,27 +36,14 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     gfortran \
     git \
     gnupg \
-    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
-    libfontconfig1-dev \
-    libfreetype6-dev \
-    libfribidi-dev \
     libgit2-dev \
-    libharfbuzz-dev \
-    libjpeg-dev \
     liblapack-dev \
     libopenblas-dev \
-    libpng-dev \
-    libpython3-dev \
     libssl-dev \
-    libtiff5-dev \
-    libwebp-dev \
-    libxml2-dev \
     openjdk-17-jdk-headless \
     pkg-config \
-    qpdf \
     tzdata \
     software-properties-common \
-    wget \
     zlib1g-dev
 
 # Install Python 3.12