[SPARK-53834][INFRA] Add a separate docker file for Python 3.14 daily build

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR aims to add a separate docker file for `Python 3.14` daily build.

### Why are the changes needed?

To prepare Python 3.14 test coverage for Apache Spark 4.1.0. Note that

1. SPARK-53835 is filed to handle `pyarrow/mlflow/torch/torchvision` package installation later when they are ready.
2. This PR will expose two kind of Python UT failures in order to help us be ready during Apache Spark 4.1.0 preparation.
    - Python 3.14 related failures
    - Python Package (PyArrow/MLFlow/Torch/TorchVision) related failures
    - Both `Classic` and `Connect` mode-related failures

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No, this is a new test infra.

### How was this patch tested?

Manual review.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes #52544 from dongjoon-hyun/SPARK-53834.

Authored-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>

Author: dongjoon-hyun

.github/workflows/build_infra_images_cache.yml

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ on:
     - 'dev/spark-test-image/python-312/Dockerfile'
     - 'dev/spark-test-image/python-313/Dockerfile'
     - 'dev/spark-test-image/python-313-nogil/Dockerfile'
+    - 'dev/spark-test-image/python-314/Dockerfile'
     - 'dev/spark-test-image/numpy-213/Dockerfile'
     - '.github/workflows/build_infra_images_cache.yml'
   # Create infra image when cutting down branches/tags
@@ -230,6 +231,19 @@ jobs:
       - name: Image digest (PySpark with Python 3.13 no GIL)
         if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/python-313-nogil/Dockerfile') != ''
         run: echo ${{ steps.docker_build_pyspark_python_313_nogil.outputs.digest }}
+      - name: Build and push (PySpark with Python 3.14)
+        if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/python-314/Dockerfile') != ''
+        id: docker_build_pyspark_python_314
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: ./dev/spark-test-image/python-314/
+          push: true
+          tags: ghcr.io/apache/spark/apache-spark-github-action-image-pyspark-python-314-cache:${{ github.ref_name }}-static
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/apache/spark/apache-spark-github-action-image-pyspark-python-314-cache:${{ github.ref_name }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/apache/spark/apache-spark-github-action-image-pyspark-python-314-cache:${{ github.ref_name }},mode=max
+      - name: Image digest (PySpark with Python 3.14)
+        if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/python-314/Dockerfile') != ''
+        run: echo ${{ steps.docker_build_pyspark_python_314.outputs.digest }}
       - name: Build and push (PySpark with Numpy 2.1.3)
         if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/numpy-213/Dockerfile') != ''
         id: docker_build_pyspark_numpy_213

.github/workflows/build_python_3.14.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+
+name: "Build / Python-only (master, Python 3.14)"
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 21 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  run-build:
+    permissions:
+      packages: write
+    name: Run
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
+    if: github.repository == 'apache/spark'
+    with:
+      java: 17
+      branch: master
+      hadoop: hadoop3
+      envs: >-
+        {
+          "PYSPARK_IMAGE_TO_TEST": "python-314",
+          "PYTHON_TO_TEST": "python3.14"
+        }
+      jobs: >-
+        {
+          "pyspark": "true",
+          "pyspark-pandas": "true"
+        }

dev/spark-test-image/python-314/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# Image for building and testing Spark branches. Based on Ubuntu 22.04.
+# See also in https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu
+FROM ubuntu:jammy-20240911.1
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="Apache Spark project <[email protected]>"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses="Apache-2.0"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.ref.name="Apache Spark Infra Image For PySpark with Python 3.14"
+# Overwrite this label to avoid exposing the underlying Ubuntu OS version label
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version=""
+
+ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20251007
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+ENV DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    build-essential \
+    ca-certificates \
+    curl \
+    gfortran \
+    git \
+    gnupg \
+    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+    libfontconfig1-dev \
+    libfreetype6-dev \
+    libfribidi-dev \
+    libgit2-dev \
+    libharfbuzz-dev \
+    libjpeg-dev \
+    liblapack-dev \
+    libopenblas-dev \
+    libpng-dev \
+    libpython3-dev \
+    libssl-dev \
+    libtiff5-dev \
+    libxml2-dev \
+    openjdk-17-jdk-headless \
+    pkg-config \
+    qpdf \
+    tzdata \
+    software-properties-common \
+    wget \
+    zlib1g-dev
+
+# Install Python 3.14
+RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    python3.14 \
+    && apt-get autoremove --purge -y \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+
+ARG BASIC_PIP_PKGS="numpy six==1.16.0 pandas==2.3.3 scipy plotly<6.0.0 coverage matplotlib openpyxl memory-profiler>=0.61.0 scikit-learn>=1.3.2"
+# Python deps for Spark Connect
+ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.75.1 grpcio-status==1.71.2 protobuf==5.29.5 googleapis-common-protos==1.65.0 graphviz==0.20.3"
+
+# Install Python 3.14 packages
+RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.14
+RUN python3.14 -m pip install --ignore-installed blinker>=1.6.2 # mlflow needs this
+RUN python3.14 -m pip install $BASIC_PIP_PKGS unittest-xml-reporting $CONNECT_PIP_PKGS lxml && \
+    python3.14 -m pip install torcheval && \
+    python3.14 -m pip cache purge