[SPARK-55309][BUILD][FOLLOW-UP] Bump container protobuf version

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Bump protobuf version for minimum docker images like #54090

### Why are the changes needed?

I think the original PR just missed these two images. CI is failing on these two.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No.

### How was this patch tested?

This is to fix scheduled CI.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes #54122 from gaogaotiantian/bump-container-protobuf-version.

Authored-by: Tian Gao <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: yangjie01 <[email protected]>

Author: gaogaotiantian

dev/spark-test-image/python-minimum/Dockerfile

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
 
 ARG BASIC_PIP_PKGS="numpy==1.22.4 pyarrow==18.0.0 pandas==2.2.0 six==1.16.0 scipy scikit-learn coverage unittest-xml-reporting"
 # Python deps for Spark Connect
-ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.76.0 grpcio-status==1.76.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.71.0 zstandard==0.25.0 graphviz==0.20 protobuf"
+ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.76.0 grpcio-status==1.76.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.71.0 zstandard==0.25.0 graphviz==0.20 protobuf==6.33.5"
 
 # Install Python 3.10 packages
 RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.10

dev/spark-test-image/python-ps-minimum/Dockerfile

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
 
 ARG BASIC_PIP_PKGS="pyarrow==18.0.0 pandas==2.2.0 six==1.16.0 numpy scipy coverage unittest-xml-reporting"
 # Python deps for Spark Connect
-ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.76.0 grpcio-status==1.76.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.71.0 zstandard==0.25.0 graphviz==0.20 protobuf"
+ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.76.0 grpcio-status==1.76.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.71.0 zstandard==0.25.0 graphviz==0.20 protobuf==6.33.5"
 
 # Install Python 3.10 packages
 RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.10