[SPARK-55181][PYTHON][INFRA] Remove unused packages from python 3.10 test images

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Remove unused packages from python 3.10 test images

### Why are the changes needed?
for more disk

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
NO, infra-only

### How was this patch tested?
PR builder with
```
default: '{"PYSPARK_IMAGE_TO_TEST": "python-310", "PYTHON_TO_TEST": "python3.10"}'
```

https://github.com/zhengruifeng/spark/runs/61429591520

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
no

Closes #53961 from zhengruifeng/image_clean_up_310.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Hyukjin Kwon <gurwls223@apache.org>

Author: zhengruifeng

dev/spark-test-image/python-310/Dockerfile

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ LABEL org.opencontainers.image.ref.name="Apache Spark Infra Image For PySpark wi
 # Overwrite this label to avoid exposing the underlying Ubuntu OS version label
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version=""
 
-ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20251224
+ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20260124
 
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
@@ -36,17 +36,9 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     gfortran \
     git \
     gnupg \
-    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
-    libfontconfig1-dev \
-    libfreetype6-dev \
-    libfribidi-dev \
     libgit2-dev \
-    libharfbuzz-dev \
-    libjpeg-dev \
     liblapack-dev \
     libopenblas-dev \
-    libpng-dev \
-    libpython3-dev \
     libssl-dev \
     libtiff5-dev \
     libwebp-dev \