fix(v4): preserve callsites in parse stack traces

Author: colinhacks

packages/zod/src/v4/classic/parse.ts

@@ -36,25 +36,29 @@ export const safeParseAsync: <T extends core.$ZodType>(
 export const encode: <T extends core.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.output<T>,
-  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: { callee?: core.util.AnyFunc; Err?: core.$ZodErrorClass }
 ) => core.input<T> = /* @__PURE__ */ core._encode(ZodRealError);
 
 export const decode: <T extends core.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.input<T>,
-  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: { callee?: core.util.AnyFunc; Err?: core.$ZodErrorClass }
 ) => core.output<T> = /* @__PURE__ */ core._decode(ZodRealError);
 
 export const encodeAsync: <T extends core.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.output<T>,
-  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: { callee?: core.util.AnyFunc; Err?: core.$ZodErrorClass }
 ) => Promise<core.input<T>> = /* @__PURE__ */ core._encodeAsync(ZodRealError);
 
 export const decodeAsync: <T extends core.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.input<T>,
-  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: core.ParseContext<core.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: { callee?: core.util.AnyFunc; Err?: core.$ZodErrorClass }
 ) => Promise<core.output<T>> = /* @__PURE__ */ core._decodeAsync(ZodRealError);
 
 export const safeEncode: <T extends core.$ZodType>(

packages/zod/src/v4/classic/schemas.ts

@@ -237,10 +237,10 @@ export const ZodType: core.$constructor<ZodType> = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$construct
   inst.parseAsync = async (data, params) => parse.parseAsync(inst, data, params, { callee: inst.parseAsync });
   inst.safeParseAsync = async (data, params) => parse.safeParseAsync(inst, data, params);
   inst.spa = inst.safeParseAsync;
-  inst.encode = (data, params) => parse.encode(inst, data, params);
-  inst.decode = (data, params) => parse.decode(inst, data, params);
-  inst.encodeAsync = async (data, params) => parse.encodeAsync(inst, data, params);
-  inst.decodeAsync = async (data, params) => parse.decodeAsync(inst, data, params);
+  inst.encode = (data, params) => parse.encode(inst, data, params, { callee: inst.encode });
+  inst.decode = (data, params) => parse.decode(inst, data, params, { callee: inst.decode });
+  inst.encodeAsync = async (data, params) => parse.encodeAsync(inst, data, params, { callee: inst.encodeAsync });
+  inst.decodeAsync = async (data, params) => parse.decodeAsync(inst, data, params, { callee: inst.decodeAsync });
   inst.safeEncode = (data, params) => parse.safeEncode(inst, data, params);
   inst.safeDecode = (data, params) => parse.safeDecode(inst, data, params);
   inst.safeEncodeAsync = async (data, params) => parse.safeEncodeAsync(inst, data, params);

packages/zod/src/v4/classic/tests/error.test.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,36 @@ import { inspect } from "node:util";
 import { expect, test } from "vitest";
 import * as z from "zod/v4";
 
+function getThrownError(fn: () => unknown): unknown {
+  try {
+    fn();
+  } catch (error) {
+    return error;
+  }
+  throw new Error("Expected function to throw");
+}
+
+async function getRejectedError(fn: () => Promise<unknown>): Promise<unknown> {
+  try {
+    await fn();
+  } catch (error) {
+    return error;
+  }
+  throw new Error("Expected function to reject");
+}
+
+function expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(error: unknown): void {
+  expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+  const stack = (error as Error).stack;
+  expect(stack).toEqual(expect.any(String));
+
+  const firstFrame = stack!.split("\n").find((line) => line.trim().startsWith("at "));
+  expect(firstFrame).toBeDefined();
+  expect(firstFrame).toContain("error.test.ts");
+  expect(firstFrame).not.toContain("core/parse.ts");
+  expect(firstFrame).not.toContain("classic/schemas.ts");
+}
+
 test("error creation", () => {
   const err1 = new z.ZodError([]);
 
@@ -683,6 +713,44 @@ test("error inheritance", () => {
   }
 });
 
+test("parse errors capture the caller stack frame", async () => {
+  const schema = z.string();
+  const parse = schema.parse;
+  const parseAsync = schema.parseAsync;
+
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => schema.parse(123)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => parse(123)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => z.parse(schema, 123)));
+
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => schema.parseAsync(123)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => parseAsync(123)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => z.parseAsync(schema, 123)));
+});
+
+test("codec errors capture the caller stack frame", async () => {
+  const schema = z.string();
+  const encode = schema.encode;
+  const decode = schema.decode;
+  const encodeAsync = schema.encodeAsync;
+  const decodeAsync = schema.decodeAsync;
+
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => schema.encode(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => encode(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => z.encode(schema, 123 as any)));
+
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => schema.decode(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => decode(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(getThrownError(() => z.decode(schema, 123 as any)));
+
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => schema.encodeAsync(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => encodeAsync(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => z.encodeAsync(schema, 123 as any)));
+
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => schema.decodeAsync(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => decodeAsync(123 as any)));
+  expectFirstStackFrameAtCallsite(await getRejectedError(() => z.decodeAsync(schema, 123 as any)));
+});
+
 test("error serialization", () => {
   try {
     z.string().parse(123);

packages/zod/src/v4/core/parse.ts

@@ -4,27 +4,35 @@ import type * as schemas from "./schemas.js";
 import * as util from "./util.js";
 
 export type $ZodErrorClass = { new (issues: errors.$ZodIssue[]): errors.$ZodError };
+type $ParseParams = { callee?: util.AnyFunc; Err?: $ZodErrorClass };
+
+function finalizeParams(callee: util.AnyFunc, params: $ParseParams | undefined): $ParseParams {
+  return params?.Err ? { callee: params.callee ?? callee, Err: params.Err } : { callee: params?.callee ?? callee };
+}
 
 ///////////        METHODS       ///////////
 export type $Parse = <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: unknown,
   _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>,
-  _params?: { callee?: util.AnyFunc; Err?: $ZodErrorClass }
+  _params?: $ParseParams
 ) => core.output<T>;
 
-export const _parse: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $Parse = (_Err) => (schema, value, _ctx, _params) => {
-  const ctx: schemas.ParseContextInternal = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, async: false } : { async: false };
-  const result = schema._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx);
-  if (result instanceof Promise) {
-    throw new core.$ZodAsyncError();
-  }
-  if (result.issues.length) {
-    const e = new (_params?.Err ?? _Err)(result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())));
-    util.captureStackTrace(e, _params?.callee);
-    throw e;
-  }
-  return result.value as core.output<typeof schema>;
+export const _parse: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $Parse = (_Err) => {
+  const fn: $Parse = (schema, value, _ctx, _params) => {
+    const ctx: schemas.ParseContextInternal = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, async: false } : { async: false };
+    const result = schema._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+    if (result instanceof Promise) {
+      throw new core.$ZodAsyncError();
+    }
+    if (result.issues.length) {
+      const e = new (_params?.Err ?? _Err)(result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())));
+      util.captureStackTrace(e, _params?.callee ?? fn);
+      throw e;
+    }
+    return result.value as core.output<typeof schema>;
+  };
+  return fn;
 };
 
 export const parse: $Parse = /* @__PURE__*/ _parse(errors.$ZodRealError);
@@ -33,19 +41,22 @@ export type $ParseAsync = <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: unknown,
   _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>,
-  _params?: { callee?: util.AnyFunc; Err?: $ZodErrorClass }
+  _params?: $ParseParams
 ) => Promise<core.output<T>>;
 
-export const _parseAsync: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $ParseAsync = (_Err) => async (schema, value, _ctx, params) => {
-  const ctx: schemas.ParseContextInternal = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, async: true } : { async: true };
-  let result = schema._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx);
-  if (result instanceof Promise) result = await result;
-  if (result.issues.length) {
-    const e = new (params?.Err ?? _Err)(result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())));
-    util.captureStackTrace(e, params?.callee);
-    throw e;
-  }
-  return result.value as core.output<typeof schema>;
+export const _parseAsync: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $ParseAsync = (_Err) => {
+  const fn: $ParseAsync = async (schema, value, _ctx, params) => {
+    const ctx: schemas.ParseContextInternal = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, async: true } : { async: true };
+    let result = schema._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+    if (result instanceof Promise) result = await result;
+    if (result.issues.length) {
+      const e = new (params?.Err ?? _Err)(result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())));
+      util.captureStackTrace(e, params?.callee ?? fn);
+      throw e;
+    }
+    return result.value as core.output<typeof schema>;
+  };
+  return fn;
 };
 
 export const parseAsync: $ParseAsync = /* @__PURE__*/ _parseAsync(errors.$ZodRealError);
@@ -97,49 +108,69 @@ export const safeParseAsync: $SafeParseAsync = /* @__PURE__*/ _safeParseAsync(er
 export type $Encode = <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.output<T>,
-  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: $ParseParams
 ) => core.input<T>;
 
-export const _encode: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $Encode = (_Err) => (schema, value, _ctx) => {
-  const ctx = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, direction: "backward" as const } : { direction: "backward" as const };
-  return _parse(_Err)(schema, value, ctx as any) as any;
+export const _encode: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $Encode = (_Err) => {
+  const parse = _parse(_Err);
+  const fn: $Encode = (schema, value, _ctx, _params) => {
+    const ctx = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, direction: "backward" as const } : { direction: "backward" as const };
+    return parse(schema, value, ctx as any, finalizeParams(fn, _params)) as any;
+  };
+  return fn;
 };
 
 export const encode: $Encode = /* @__PURE__*/ _encode(errors.$ZodRealError);
 
 export type $Decode = <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.input<T>,
-  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: $ParseParams
 ) => core.output<T>;
 
-export const _decode: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $Decode = (_Err) => (schema, value, _ctx) => {
-  return _parse(_Err)(schema, value, _ctx);
+export const _decode: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $Decode = (_Err) => {
+  const parse = _parse(_Err);
+  const fn: $Decode = (schema, value, _ctx, _params) => {
+    return parse(schema, value, _ctx, finalizeParams(fn, _params));
+  };
+  return fn;
 };
 
 export const decode: $Decode = /* @__PURE__*/ _decode(errors.$ZodRealError);
 
 export type $EncodeAsync = <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.output<T>,
-  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: $ParseParams
 ) => Promise<core.input<T>>;
 
-export const _encodeAsync: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $EncodeAsync = (_Err) => async (schema, value, _ctx) => {
-  const ctx = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, direction: "backward" as const } : { direction: "backward" as const };
-  return _parseAsync(_Err)(schema, value, ctx as any) as any;
+export const _encodeAsync: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $EncodeAsync = (_Err) => {
+  const parseAsync = _parseAsync(_Err);
+  const fn: $EncodeAsync = async (schema, value, _ctx, _params) => {
+    const ctx = _ctx ? { ..._ctx, direction: "backward" as const } : { direction: "backward" as const };
+    return parseAsync(schema, value, ctx as any, finalizeParams(fn, _params)) as any;
+  };
+  return fn;
 };
 
 export const encodeAsync: $EncodeAsync = /* @__PURE__*/ _encodeAsync(errors.$ZodRealError);
 
 export type $DecodeAsync = <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(
   schema: T,
   value: core.input<T>,
-  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>
+  _ctx?: schemas.ParseContext<errors.$ZodIssue>,
+  _params?: $ParseParams
 ) => Promise<core.output<T>>;
 
-export const _decodeAsync: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $DecodeAsync = (_Err) => async (schema, value, _ctx) => {
-  return _parseAsync(_Err)(schema, value, _ctx);
+export const _decodeAsync: (_Err: $ZodErrorClass) => $DecodeAsync = (_Err) => {
+  const parseAsync = _parseAsync(_Err);
+  const fn: $DecodeAsync = async (schema, value, _ctx, _params) => {
+    return parseAsync(schema, value, _ctx, finalizeParams(fn, _params));
+  };
+  return fn;
 };
 
 export const decodeAsync: $DecodeAsync = /* @__PURE__*/ _decodeAsync(errors.$ZodRealError);