Extract weighted quantile cut fixes from #12129 #17504

Job	Run time
Configure variables for CI	10s
Build CPU wheel (xgboost-cpu) for manylinux_2_28_aarch64	2m 43s
Build CPU wheel (xgboost-cpu) for manylinux_2_28_x86_64	2m 24s
Build macOS wheel (macosx_x86_64)	10m 45s
Build macOS wheel (macosx_arm64)	2m 58s
Build GPU-enabled R package	5m 29s
Build CUDA 12 (x86_64)	7m 34s
Build CPU (sanitizer)	16m 55s
Build CUDA 12 (aarch64)	6m 16s
Build CUDA with RMM	8m 7s
Build CPU (default)	3m 29s
Build CUDA 13 (x86_64)	5m 26s
Build CUDA 13 (aarch64)	5m 7s
Audit CUDA 12 wheel for manylinux_2_28_aarch64	1m 28s
Audit CUDA 13 wheel for manylinux_2_28_x86_64	51s
Audit CUDA 12 wheel for manylinux_2_28_x86_64	56s
Audit CUDA 13 wheel for manylinux_2_28_aarch64	1m 26s
Google Test (C++) CUDA 12 (gpu-rmm, linux-amd64-gpu)	5m 42s
Google Test (C++) CUDA 13 (gpu, linux-amd64-gpu)	4m 48s
Google Test (C++) CUDA 12 (gpu, linux-amd64-gpu)	5m 48s
Google Test (C++) CUDA 12 (mgpu, linux-amd64-mgpu)	3m 38s
Google Test (C++) CUDA 13 (gpu, linux-arm64-gpu)	4m 7s
Google Test (C++) CUDA 12 (gpu, linux-arm64-gpu)	5m 10s
Python tests CPU (CPU-arm64)	1m 37s
Python tests CPU (CPU-amd64)	9m 34s
Python tests CUDA 12 (GPU-arm64-CUDA-12)	20m 47s
Python tests CUDA 13 (GPU-x86_64-CUDA-13)	19m 59s
Python tests CUDA 12 (GPU-x86_64-CUDA-12)	17m 19s
Python tests CUDA 13 (GPU-arm64-CUDA-13)	22m 29s
Python tests CUDA 12 (Multi-GPU-x86_64-CUDA-12)	16m 58s
Cross-platform inference test (macOS Apple Silicon)	0s
	3h 40m 0s

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