Fix error-prone SQL queries (mastodon#15828)

* Fix error-prone SQL queries in Account search

While this code seems to not present an actual vulnerability, one could
easily be introduced by mistake due to how the query is built.

This PR parameterises the `to_tsquery` input to make the query more robust.

* Harden code for Status#tagged_with_all and Status#tagged_with_none

Those two scopes aren't used in a way that could be vulnerable to an SQL
injection, but keeping them unchanged might be a hazard.

* Remove unneeded spaces surrounding tsquery term

* Please CodeClimate

* Move advanced_search_for SQL template to its own function

This avoids one level of indentation while making clearer that the SQL template
isn't build from all the dynamic parameters of advanced_search_for.

* Add tests covering tagged_with, tagged_with_all and tagged_with_none

* Rewrite tagged_with_none to avoid multiple joins and make it more robust

* Remove obsolete brakeman warnings

* Revert "Remove unneeded spaces surrounding tsquery term"

The two queries are not strictly equivalent.

This reverts commit 86f16c5.

Author: ClearlyClaire

config/brakeman.ignore

@@ -60,46 +60,6 @@
       "confidence": "High",
       "note": ""
     },
-    {
-      "warning_type": "SQL Injection",
-      "warning_code": 0,
-      "fingerprint": "6e4051854bb62e2ddbc671f82d6c2328892e1134b8b28105ecba9b0122540714",
-      "check_name": "SQL",
-      "message": "Possible SQL injection",
-      "file": "app/models/account.rb",
-      "line": 484,
-      "link": "https://brakemanscanner.org/docs/warning_types/sql_injection/",
-      "code": "find_by_sql([\"          WITH first_degree AS (\\n            SELECT target_account_id\\n            FROM follows\\n            WHERE account_id = ?\\n            UNION ALL\\n            SELECT ?\\n          )\\n          SELECT\\n            accounts.*,\\n            (count(f.id) + 1) * ts_rank_cd(#{textsearch}, #{query}, 32) AS rank\\n          FROM accounts\\n          LEFT OUTER JOIN follows AS f ON (accounts.id = f.account_id AND f.target_account_id = ?)\\n          WHERE accounts.id IN (SELECT * FROM first_degree)\\n            AND #{query} @@ #{textsearch}\\n            AND accounts.suspended_at IS NULL\\n            AND accounts.moved_to_account_id IS NULL\\n          GROUP BY accounts.id\\n          ORDER BY rank DESC\\n          LIMIT ? OFFSET ?\\n\".squish, account.id, account.id, account.id, limit, offset])",
-      "render_path": null,
-      "location": {
-        "type": "method",
-        "class": "Account",
-        "method": "advanced_search_for"
-      },
-      "user_input": "textsearch",
-      "confidence": "Medium",
-      "note": ""
-    },
-    {
-      "warning_type": "SQL Injection",
-      "warning_code": 0,
-      "fingerprint": "6f075c1484908e3ec9bed21ab7cf3c7866be8da3881485d1c82e13093aefcbd7",
-      "check_name": "SQL",
-      "message": "Possible SQL injection",
-      "file": "app/models/status.rb",
-      "line": 105,
-      "link": "https://brakemanscanner.org/docs/warning_types/sql_injection/",
-      "code": "result.joins(\"LEFT OUTER JOIN statuses_tags t#{id} ON t#{id}.status_id = statuses.id AND t#{id}.tag_id = #{id}\")",
-      "render_path": null,
-      "location": {
-        "type": "method",
-        "class": "Status",
-        "method": null
-      },
-      "user_input": "id",
-      "confidence": "Weak",
-      "note": ""
-    },
     {
       "warning_type": "SQL Injection",
       "warning_code": 0,
@@ -180,26 +140,6 @@
       "confidence": "Medium",
       "note": ""
     },
-    {
-      "warning_type": "SQL Injection",
-      "warning_code": 0,
-      "fingerprint": "9251d682c4e2840e1b2fea91e7d758efe2097ecb7f6255c065e3750d25eb178c",
-      "check_name": "SQL",
-      "message": "Possible SQL injection",
-      "file": "app/models/account.rb",
-      "line": 453,
-      "link": "https://brakemanscanner.org/docs/warning_types/sql_injection/",
-      "code": "find_by_sql([\"        SELECT\\n          accounts.*,\\n          ts_rank_cd(#{textsearch}, #{query}, 32) AS rank\\n        FROM accounts\\n        WHERE #{query} @@ #{textsearch}\\n          AND accounts.suspended_at IS NULL\\n          AND accounts.moved_to_account_id IS NULL\\n        ORDER BY rank DESC\\n        LIMIT ? OFFSET ?\\n\".squish, limit, offset])",
-      "render_path": null,
-      "location": {
-        "type": "method",
-        "class": "Account",
-        "method": "search_for"
-      },
-      "user_input": "textsearch",
-      "confidence": "Medium",
-      "note": ""
-    },
     {
       "warning_type": "Redirect",
       "warning_code": 18,
@@ -270,26 +210,6 @@
       "confidence": "Weak",
       "note": ""
     },
-    {
-      "warning_type": "SQL Injection",
-      "warning_code": 0,
-      "fingerprint": "e21d8fee7a5805761679877ca35ed1029c64c45ef3b4012a30262623e1ba8bb9",
-      "check_name": "SQL",
-      "message": "Possible SQL injection",
-      "file": "app/models/account.rb",
-      "line": 500,
-      "link": "https://brakemanscanner.org/docs/warning_types/sql_injection/",
-      "code": "find_by_sql([\"          SELECT\\n            accounts.*,\\n            (count(f.id) + 1) * ts_rank_cd(#{textsearch}, #{query}, 32) AS rank\\n          FROM accounts\\n          LEFT OUTER JOIN follows AS f ON (accounts.id = f.account_id AND f.target_account_id = ?) OR (accounts.id = f.target_account_id AND f.account_id = ?)\\n          WHERE #{query} @@ #{textsearch}\\n            AND accounts.suspended_at IS NULL\\n            AND accounts.moved_to_account_id IS NULL\\n          GROUP BY accounts.id\\n          ORDER BY rank DESC\\n          LIMIT ? OFFSET ?\\n\".squish, account.id, account.id, limit, offset])",
-      "render_path": null,
-      "location": {
-        "type": "method",
-        "class": "Account",
-        "method": "advanced_search_for"
-      },
-      "user_input": "textsearch",
-      "confidence": "Medium",
-      "note": ""
-    },
     {
       "warning_type": "Mass Assignment",
       "warning_code": 105,