fix: strip baidu image proxy prefix to restore original URL

Author: henryz78

src/lib/utils.ts

@@ -394,6 +394,19 @@ export function tryApplyBangumiImageFallback(
 export function processImageUrl(originalUrl: string): string {
   if (!originalUrl) return originalUrl;
 
+  // 剥离可能存在的百度代理前缀，还原真实图片 URL
+  if (originalUrl.includes('image.baidu.com/search/down')) {
+    try {
+      const urlObj = new URL(originalUrl);
+      const targetUrl = urlObj.searchParams.get('url');
+      if (targetUrl) {
+        originalUrl = targetUrl;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // 忽略解析错误
+    }
+  }
+
   // 如果已经是代理URL，直接返回
   if (originalUrl.startsWith('/api/image-proxy')) {
     return originalUrl;