Add optional Exception parameter to Emit LogRecord (#4824)

Part of [OTEP
4430](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/oteps/4430-span-event-api-deprecation-plan.md).

This could be considered "just a convenience", but (in addition to a
very nice convenience) it also unlocks two additional features:
- Performance optimization since the SDK can take
`OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT` into consideration when generating
large `exception.stacktrace` attributes (a very real issue in the Java
world: open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java#7281)
- (Future) customization of exception stacktraces (we have experimental
support for this in Java, e.g. to support "smarter" truncation of long
`exception.stacktrace` attributes:
open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java#7266)

Prototype:
open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java#7182

---------

Co-authored-by: Robert Pająk <pellared@hotmail.com>

Author: trask

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ release.
 
 ### Logs
 
+- Add optional `Exception` parameter to Emit LogRecord.
+  ([#4824](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/pull/4824))
+
 ### Baggage
 
 ### Profiles

spec-compliance-matrix.md

@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ Disclaimer: this list of features is still a work in progress, please refer to t
 | LoggerProvider.Shutdown |  | + | + | + | + | + |  | + | + | + | - |  |
 | LoggerProvider.ForceFlush |  | + | + | + | + | + |  | + | + | + | - |  |
 | Logger.Emit(LogRecord) |  | + | + | + | + | + |  | + | + | + | - |  |
+| Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 | LogRecord.Set EventName |  | + |  |  |  |  |  |  | + | + |  |  |
 | Logger.Enabled | X | + |  |  |  |  |  | + | + | + |  |  |
 | Ergonomic API | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

spec-compliance-matrix/cpp.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '+'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/dotnet.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '-'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '-'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/erlang.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '?'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/go.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '+'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/java.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '+'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/js.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '+'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/php.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '+'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Enabled

spec-compliance-matrix/python.yaml

@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ sections:
         status: '+'
       - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord)
         status: '+'
+      - name: Logger.Emit(LogRecord) with Exception parameter
+        status: '?'
       - name: LogRecord.Set EventName
         status: '?'
       - name: Logger.Enabled