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Development Guide

A comprehensive guide for building, running, and contributing to the OpenClaw Windows Hub.

Table of Contents

Prerequisites

Required

  • .NET 10 SDK - Download here
  • Windows 10/11 - WinUI 3 and Windows App SDK require Windows 10 version 1903 or later
  • WebView2 Runtime - Usually pre-installed on Windows 10+ (Manual download)
  • Visual Studio 2022 (optional) - For easier development and debugging with WinUI 3 designer support

For Testing

  • A running OpenClaw gateway instance - The gateway provides the backend for chat, sessions, and notifications
    • Default gateway URL: ws://localhost:18789
    • You'll need a valid authentication token from your OpenClaw instance

For PowerToys Extension Development

  • PowerToys (latest version) - Required for testing the Command Palette extension

Project Structure

This monorepo contains three projects:

openclaw-windows-hub/
├── src/
│   ├── OpenClaw.Shared/              # Shared gateway client library
│   │   ├── OpenClawGatewayClient.cs  # WebSocket client for gateway protocol
│   │   ├── Models.cs                 # Data models (SessionInfo, ChannelHealth, etc.)
│   │   └── IOpenClawLogger.cs        # Logging interface
│   │
│   ├── OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI/          # WinUI 3 system tray application (primary)
│   │   ├── App.xaml.cs               # Main application, tray icon, gateway connection
│   │   ├── Services/                 # Settings, logging, hotkeys, deep links
│   │   ├── Windows/                  # UI windows (Settings, WebChat, Status, etc.)
│   │   ├── Dialogs/                  # Modal dialogs
│   │   └── Helpers/                  # Icon generation, utilities
│   │
│   └── OpenClaw.CommandPalette/      # PowerToys Command Palette extension
│       ├── OpenClaw.cs               # Extension entry point
│       ├── OpenClawCommandsProvider.cs  # Command provider implementation
│       └── Pages/                    # XAML pages for command results
│
├── tests/
│   ├── OpenClaw.Shared.Tests/        # Unit tests for shared library
│   └── OpenClaw.Tray.Tests/          # Tests for tray helpers (menu, settings, deep links)
│
├── tools/
│   ├── cmdpal-dev.ps1                # Helper script for Command Palette development
│   └── icongen/                      # Icon generation tool
│
├── .github/workflows/
│   └── ci.yml                        # GitHub Actions CI/CD workflow
│
├── moltbot-windows-hub.slnx          # Solution file (historical name)
├── README.md                         # User-facing documentation
└── DEVELOPMENT.md                    # This file

Note on Naming: The solution file is named moltbot-windows-hub.slnx due to the project's history (formerly known as Moltbot, formerly known as Clawdbot). The repository and current branding use "OpenClaw".

Project Dependencies

OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI  ──depends on──▶  OpenClaw.Shared
OpenClaw.CommandPalette  ──depends on──▶  OpenClaw.Shared
OpenClaw.Shared.Tests  ──tests──▶  OpenClaw.Shared
OpenClaw.Tray.Tests  ──tests──▶  OpenClaw.Shared

Key Subsystems

Subsystem Location Purpose
Gateway Communication OpenClaw.Shared/OpenClawGatewayClient.cs WebSocket client with protocol v3, reconnect/backoff logic
Notification System OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI/App.xaml.cs Event routing, toast notifications, classification
WebView2 Integration OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI/Windows/WebChatWindow.xaml.cs Embedded chat panel with lifecycle management
Tray Icon Management OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI/Helpers/IconHelper.cs GDI handle management, dynamic icon generation
Session Tracking OpenClaw.Shared/OpenClawGatewayClient.cs Session state, activity tracking, polling
Settings & Logging OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI/Services/ JSON settings persistence, file rotation logging

Building

Build the Entire Solution

From the repository root:

dotnet restore
dotnet build

This builds all projects (Shared library, Tray app, Command Palette extension).

Build Individual Projects

Shared Library:

dotnet build src/OpenClaw.Shared

Tray App (WinUI):

dotnet build src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI

Command Palette Extension:

dotnet build src/OpenClaw.CommandPalette -p:Platform=x64

Note: Command Palette requires explicit platform (x64 or arm64).

Platform and Architecture Notes

x64 vs ARM64

The solution supports both Intel/AMD (x64) and ARM (arm64) architectures:

  • Tray App: Can be built for either architecture

    dotnet build src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI -r win-x64
dotnet build src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI -r win-arm64

  • Command Palette: Must match your system architecture

    # On x64 systems:
dotnet build src/OpenClaw.CommandPalette -p:Platform=x64

# On ARM64 systems:
dotnet build src/OpenClaw.CommandPalette -p:Platform=arm64

⚠️ Important for ARM64 Users: Both the Command Palette extension AND the Tray app must be built for ARM64 architecture for WebView2 and deep links to work correctly. Running an x64 build on ARM64 will cause errors.

Cross-Platform Building

The Shared library is cross-platform and can be built on Windows, Linux, or macOS:

cd src/OpenClaw.Shared
dotnet build

The WinUI Tray app and Command Palette are Windows-only but can be built on Linux using:

dotnet build -p:EnableWindowsTargeting=true

Running in Debug Mode

Visual Studio

  1. Open moltbot-windows-hub.slnx in Visual Studio 2022
  2. Set OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI as the startup project
  3. Press F5 to run with debugging

Command Line

dotnet run --project src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI

For verbose output:

dotnet run --project src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI -c Debug

Command Palette Development

Use the provided helper script for rapid iteration:

.\tools\cmdpal-dev.ps1 cycle

This script:

  1. Removes the currently installed extension
  2. Builds the extension for your platform
  3. Deploys it via Add-AppxPackage -Register
  4. Reminds you to run "Reload" in Command Palette

Manual steps:

# Build
dotnet build src/OpenClaw.CommandPalette -p:Platform=x64

# Deploy (development mode, no MSIX needed)
$manifest = "src/OpenClaw.CommandPalette/bin/x64/Debug/net10.0-windows10.0.26100.0/win-x64/AppxManifest.xml"
Add-AppxPackage -Register $manifest -ForceApplicationShutdown

# Test: Open PowerToys Command Palette (Win+Alt+Space), type "Reload", then "OpenClaw"

Publishing (Self-Contained)

For distribution:

dotnet publish src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI -c Release -r win-x64 --self-contained -o publish

This creates a standalone executable with all dependencies bundled.

Architecture Overview

Gateway WebSocket Connection

The OpenClawGatewayClient manages the connection to the OpenClaw gateway:

Connection Flow:

  1. WebSocket connects to gateway URL (default: ws://localhost:18789)
  2. Client waits for challenge event from gateway
  3. Client responds with authentication token
  4. Gateway sends connected event confirming authentication
  5. Client begins receiving events and can send requests

Reconnect & Backoff Logic:

  • Automatic reconnection on disconnect or error
  • Exponential backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 15s, 30s, 60s (max)
  • Resets backoff counter on successful connection
  • Connection state exposed via StatusChanged event

Implementation:

// Backoff sequence in milliseconds
private static readonly int[] BackoffMs = { 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 15000, 30000, 60000 };

Event Parsing and Notification Types

The gateway sends structured events over WebSocket. The client parses these into typed notifications:

Event Types

Event Type Handler Description UI Result
challenge Initial handshake Gateway requests authentication Client sends token
connected Authentication success Gateway confirms connection Status → Connected
agent (stream=job) HandleJobEvent Job/task activity Activity indicator, tray badge
agent (stream=tool) HandleToolEvent Tool execution (exec, read, write, etc.) Activity with tool name + args
chat HandleChatEvent Assistant chat messages Toast notification for short messages
health ParseChannelHealth Channel health status Channel status in tray menu
session HandleSessionEvent Session list updates Session display refresh
usage ParseUsage Token usage, cost, requests Usage info in status window

Notification Classification

Notifications are classified using two strategies:

  1. Structured (preferred): Events with explicit type, category, or notificationType fields
  2. Text-based (fallback): Keyword matching on notification content

Categories:

  • health - Blood sugar, glucose, CGM readings
  • urgent - Critical alerts requiring immediate attention
  • reminder - Calendar reminders, tasks
  • stock - Stock price alerts
  • email - Email notifications
  • calendar - Calendar events
  • error - Error messages
  • build - CI/CD build status
  • info - General information (default)

Routing:

  • Notifications trigger Windows toast notifications (if enabled in settings)
  • Stored in notification history for later review
  • Can be filtered by category

WebView2 Lifecycle

The WebChatWindow uses Microsoft Edge WebView2 for embedded web content:

Initialization:

  1. WebView2 control created in XAML
  2. CoreWebView2 environment initialized on window load
  3. User data folder: %LOCALAPPDATA%\OpenClawTray\WebView2
  4. Navigation guard prevents external navigation

Lifecycle:

Window Created → WebView2.EnsureCoreWebView2Async() → Navigate to Chat URL → User Interaction → Window Hidden (not disposed)

Key Design Decisions:

  • Singleton pattern: Only one WebChat window instance exists
  • Hidden instead of disposed: Window is hidden when closed to preserve state
  • Separate user data folder: Isolates cookies/storage from browser
  • Navigation guard: Prevents accidental navigation away from chat

Implementation:

// Initialize WebView2 environment
await WebView.EnsureCoreWebView2Async();
WebView.CoreWebView2.Navigate(chatUrl);

// Navigation guard
WebView.CoreWebView2.NavigationStarting += (s, e) => {
    if (!e.Uri.StartsWith(allowedHost)) {
        e.Cancel = true;
    }
};

GDI Handle Management

The tray icon system uses GDI handles for icon creation. Proper management prevents handle leaks:

Icon Creation Pattern:

// Create bitmap
using var bitmap = new Bitmap(16, 16);
using var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);
graphics.DrawSomething(...);

// Convert to icon (creates GDI handle)
var hIcon = bitmap.GetHicon();
var icon = Icon.FromHandle(hIcon);

// Clone to own the data
var result = (Icon)icon.Clone();

// CRITICAL: Destroy the GDI handle
DestroyIcon(hIcon);

return result;

Why This Matters:

  • GDI handles are a limited system resource (10,000 per process on Windows)
  • Not calling DestroyIcon() causes handle leaks
  • Each tray icon update could leak a handle without proper cleanup
  • The pattern: Create → Clone → Destroy ensures we own the icon data and release the GDI handle

Caching: Icons are cached to avoid repeated GDI operations:

private static Icon? _connectedIcon;
private static Icon? _disconnectedIcon;
// ... etc

Session Tracking and Polling

The client tracks active agent sessions with intelligent display logic:

Session State:

  • Main session: Primary user conversation
  • Sub-sessions: Background tasks, tool executions
  • Each session has: key, status, model, channel, activity

Polling:

  • RequestSessionsAsync() called periodically (every 5 seconds when connected)
  • Gateway responds with session list
  • Client updates internal _sessions dictionary

Display Selection Algorithm:

  1. Active main session always takes priority
  2. Currently displayed session kept if still active (prevents flipping)
  3. Falls back to most recently active sub-session
  4. 3-second debounce prevents jitter during rapid changes

Why This Matters: Without stable selection, the activity display would rapidly flip between sessions during concurrent operations, creating a poor user experience.

Logging

File-based logging with automatic rotation:

Log File:

  • Location: %LOCALAPPDATA%\OpenClawTray\openclaw-tray.log
  • Rotation: When log exceeds 5MB, old log → openclaw-tray.log.old
  • Thread-safe: Uses lock for concurrent writes

Log Levels:

  • INFO - Normal operation (connections, events)
  • WARN - Recoverable issues (reconnects, timeouts)
  • ERROR - Failures (connection errors, exceptions)
  • DEBUG - Detailed diagnostics (only in DEBUG builds)

Format:

[2026-02-01 12:34:56.789] [INFO] Gateway connected, waiting for challenge...
[2026-02-01 12:34:57.123] [WARN] Reconnecting with 2000ms backoff...
[2026-02-01 12:34:58.456] [ERROR] Connection failed: Host not found

Debug Output: In DEBUG builds, logs are also written to Visual Studio Output window via System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine().

Security: Sensitive data (authentication tokens) are never logged.

Testing

Running Unit Tests

Two test projects cover the shared library and tray helpers:

# Run all tests
dotnet test

# Run with detailed output
dotnet test --verbosity detailed

# Run specific test class
dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~AgentActivityTests"

Test Coverage:

  • ✅ 478 tests in OpenClaw.Shared.Tests — models, gateway client, exec approvals, capabilities, URL helpers, notification categorization, shell quoting
  • ✅ 93 tests in OpenClaw.Tray.Tests — menu display, menu positioning, settings round-trip, deep link parsing
  • ✅ All tests are pure unit tests (no network, no file system, no external dependencies)

See tests/OpenClaw.Shared.Tests/README.md for detailed test documentation.

Manual Testing Without Live Gateway

You can test the UI and basic functionality without a running gateway:

Tray App:

  1. Launch the app: dotnet run --project src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI
  2. Right-click tray icon → Settings
  3. Enter a dummy gateway URL (e.g., ws://localhost:18789)
  4. The app will show "Disconnected" status but you can:
    • Test the tray menu structure
    • Open Settings dialog and configure preferences
    • Test auto-start functionality
    • View logs

Command Palette:

  1. Deploy the extension: .\tools\cmdpal-dev.ps1 deploy
  2. Open PowerToys Command Palette (Win+Alt+Space)
  3. Type "OpenClaw"
  4. Commands will show but most require a connected gateway to function

Manual Test Scenarios

Tray Icon States

  1. Disconnected (Gray):

    • Start app without gateway running
    • Verify icon is gray
    • Verify tooltip shows "Disconnected"

  2. Connecting (Amber):

    • Configure valid gateway URL but don't start gateway yet
    • Restart app
    • Briefly observe amber icon during connection attempt

  3. Connected (Green):

    • Start gateway
    • Verify icon turns green
    • Verify tooltip shows "Connected"

  4. Error (Red):

    • Connect to gateway, then stop gateway
    • Verify icon turns red after timeout

  5. Activity Badge:

    • Connect to gateway
    • Send a chat message that triggers tool use
    • Verify small colored dot appears on tray icon during tool execution

Notifications

  1. Toast Notifications:

    • Connect to gateway
    • Send a message that triggers a chat response
    • Verify Windows toast notification appears (if enabled)
    • Click toast → should open relevant UI

  2. Notification History:

    • Right-click tray → Notification History
    • Verify past notifications are listed
    • Test filtering by category

  3. Notification Settings:

    • Settings → Disable notifications
    • Send a chat message
    • Verify no toast appears (but history still records it)

WebChat Panel

  1. Open WebChat:

    • Right-click tray → Open Web Chat
    • Verify window opens with WebView2 content
    • Test sending a message

  2. Window State Persistence:

    • Move/resize WebChat window
    • Close and reopen
    • Verify position/size restored (future feature)

  3. WebView2 Fallback:

    • Test on system without WebView2 Runtime
    • Verify graceful fallback (opens browser instead)

CI/CD

GitHub Actions Workflow

The repository uses GitHub Actions for continuous integration and release automation.

Workflow File: .github/workflows/ci.yml

Trigger Events:

  • Push to main or master branch
  • Pull requests to main or master
  • Git tags matching v* (e.g., v1.2.3) for releases

Build Matrix

The CI builds multiple configurations:

Test Job:

  • Runs on windows-latest
  • Builds Shared library, Tray app (WinUI), Tests (Shared + Tray)
  • Runs unit tests: dotnet test tests/OpenClaw.Shared.Tests and dotnet test tests/OpenClaw.Tray.Tests
  • Uses GitVersion for semantic versioning

Build Job (Tray):

  • Matrix: win-x64, win-arm64
  • Builds WinUI Tray app for both architectures
  • Publishes self-contained executables
  • Signs with Azure Trusted Signing (on tag releases only)

Build Job (Command Palette):

  • Matrix: x64, arm64
  • Builds Command Palette extension for both platforms
  • Produces MSIX packages for deployment

Artifacts

On every build, the following artifacts are uploaded:

Artifact Contents Purpose
openclaw-tray-win-x64 x64 Tray app binaries Testing, distribution
openclaw-tray-win-arm64 ARM64 Tray app binaries Testing, distribution
openclaw-commandpalette-x64 x64 Command Palette MSIX Testing, distribution
openclaw-commandpalette-arm64 ARM64 Command Palette MSIX Testing, distribution

Release Process

When a tag is pushed (e.g., git tag v1.2.3 && git push origin v1.2.3):

  1. Build & Sign:

    • All artifacts built for x64 and ARM64
    • Executables signed with Azure Trusted Signing certificate

  2. Create Installers:

    • Inno Setup creates Windows installers
    • Includes both Tray app and Command Palette extension
    • Separate installers for x64 and ARM64

  3. GitHub Release:

    • Automatic release created with tag name
    • Includes:
      • Installers: OpenClawTray-Setup-x64.exe, OpenClawTray-Setup-arm64.exe
      • Portable ZIPs: OpenClawTray-{version}-win-x64.zip, OpenClawTray-{version}-win-arm64.zip
    • Release notes auto-generated from commits

Monitoring CI

Check Latest Build:

gh run list --repo shanselman/openclaw-windows-hub --limit 5

View Specific Run:

gh run view <run-id> --repo shanselman/openclaw-windows-hub

Download Artifacts:

gh run download <run-id> --repo shanselman/openclaw-windows-hub

What CI Checks

✅ Build Success:

  • All projects compile without errors
  • Both x64 and ARM64 builds succeed
  • Dependencies restore correctly

✅ Unit Tests:

  • All tests pass
  • No test failures or skips

✅ Code Signing:

  • Executables signed (on releases)
  • Signature verification passes

❌ Not Currently Checked:

  • Linting/code style (no linter configured)
  • Integration tests (no integration test suite)
  • Code coverage metrics (no coverage reporting)

Contributing

Development Workflow

  1. Fork and Clone:

    git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/openclaw-windows-hub.git
cd openclaw-windows-hub

  2. Create Feature Branch:

    git checkout -b feature/my-new-feature

  3. Make Changes:

    • Follow existing code style and patterns
    • Add tests for new functionality
    • Update documentation as needed

  4. Test Locally:

    dotnet build
dotnet test
dotnet run --project src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI

  5. Commit and Push:

    git add .
git commit -m "Add my new feature"
git push origin feature/my-new-feature

  6. Open Pull Request:

    • Go to GitHub and open a PR from your branch
    • Describe your changes
    • Wait for CI to pass
    • Address review feedback

Code Style

  • C#: Follow standard .NET conventions
  • XAML: Consistent indentation, organize resources logically
  • Naming: Descriptive names, avoid abbreviations
  • Comments: Explain "why", not "what"
  • Error Handling: Use try-catch for expected failures, let unexpected exceptions bubble

Adding New Features

Example: Adding a New Gateway Event Type

  1. Add Model (OpenClaw.Shared/Models.cs):

    public class MyNewEventData
{
    public string Property { get; set; } = "";
}

  2. Add Event (OpenClaw.Shared/OpenClawGatewayClient.cs):

    public event EventHandler<MyNewEventData>? MyNewEvent;

  3. Parse Event (OpenClawGatewayClient.cs, in ListenForMessagesAsync):

    if (eventType == "my_new_event")
{
    var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<MyNewEventData>(json);
    MyNewEvent?.Invoke(this, data);
}

  4. Handle in Tray App (OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI/App.xaml.cs):

    _gatewayClient.MyNewEvent += OnMyNewEvent;

private void OnMyNewEvent(object? sender, MyNewEventData e)
{
    _dispatcherQueue?.TryEnqueue(() =>
    {
        // Update UI
    });
}

  5. Add Tests (tests/OpenClaw.Shared.Tests/):

    [Fact]
public void MyNewEventData_DisplaysCorrectly()
{
    var data = new MyNewEventData { Property = "test" };
    Assert.Equal("test", data.Property);
}

Troubleshooting

Common Issues:

  1. Build Error: "Windows SDK not found"

    • Install Windows 10 SDK 19041 or later
    • Or build Shared library only: dotnet build src/OpenClaw.Shared

  2. Command Palette Extension Not Loading

    • Verify correct architecture (x64 on x64, arm64 on ARM64)
    • Check PowerToys version (latest recommended)
    • View logs: %LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\PowerToys\CmdPal\Logs
    • Run "Reload" command in Command Palette after deploying

  3. WebView2 Error 0x8007000B on ARM64

    • Both Tray app AND Command Palette must be ARM64
    • Rebuild: dotnet build src/OpenClaw.Tray.WinUI -r win-arm64

  4. Tray Icon Not Appearing

    • Check Windows notification area settings
    • Verify app is running (Task Manager)
    • Check logs: %LOCALAPPDATA%\OpenClawTray\openclaw-tray.log

  5. Gateway Connection Fails

    • Verify gateway is running: curl http://localhost:18789/health
    • Check gateway URL in settings
    • Verify authentication token is correct
    • Check firewall settings

Getting Help

Made with 🦞 love by Scott Hanselman and the OpenClaw community
⚡