diff --git a/src/scout_apm/core/config.py b/src/scout_apm/core/config.py
index 81f8eb97..2a7cb710 100644
--- a/src/scout_apm/core/config.py
+++ b/src/scout_apm/core/config.py
@@ -87,8 +87,10 @@ def log(self) -> None:
         "name",
         "revision_sha",
         "sample_rate",
+        "endpoint_sample_rate",
         "sample_endpoints",
         "sample_jobs",
+        "job_sample_rate",
         "scm_subdirectory",
         "shutdown_message_enabled",
         "shutdown_timeout_seconds",
@@ -250,7 +252,9 @@ def __init__(self):
             "revision_sha": self._git_revision_sha(),
             "sample_rate": 100,
             "sample_endpoints": [],
+            "endpoint_sample_rate": None,
             "sample_jobs": [],
+            "job_sample_rate": None,
             "scm_subdirectory": "",
             "shutdown_message_enabled": True,
             "shutdown_timeout_seconds": 2.0,
@@ -299,10 +303,13 @@ def convert_to_float(value: Any) -> float:
         return 0.0
 
 
-def convert_sample_rate(value: Any) -> int:
+def convert_sample_rate(value: Any) -> Optional[int]:
     """
-    Converts sample rate to integer, ensuring it's between 0 and 100
+    Converts sample rate to integer, ensuring it's between 0 and 100.
+    Allows None as a valid value.
     """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
     try:
         rate = int(value)
         if not (0 <= rate <= 100):
@@ -374,7 +381,9 @@ def convert_endpoint_sampling(value: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, in
     "monitor": convert_to_bool,
     "sample_rate": convert_sample_rate,
     "sample_endpoints": convert_endpoint_sampling,
+    "endpoint_sample_rate": convert_sample_rate,
     "sample_jobs": convert_endpoint_sampling,
+    "job_sample_rate": convert_sample_rate,
     "shutdown_message_enabled": convert_to_bool,
     "shutdown_timeout_seconds": convert_to_float,
 }
diff --git a/src/scout_apm/core/sampler.py b/src/scout_apm/core/sampler.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21d29b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/scout_apm/core/sampler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+
+import random
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+class Sampler:
+    """
+    Handles sampling decision logic for Scout APM.
+
+    This class encapsulates all sampling-related functionality including:
+    - Loading and managing sampling configuration
+    - Pattern matching for operations (endpoints and jobs)
+    - Making sampling decisions based on operation type and patterns
+    """
+
+    # Constants for operation type detection
+    CONTROLLER_PREFIX = "Controller/"
+    JOB_PREFIX = "Job/"
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        """
+        Initialize sampler with Scout configuration.
+
+        Args:
+            config: ScoutConfig instance containing sampling configuration
+        """
+        self.config = config
+        self.sample_rate = config.value("sample_rate")
+        self.sample_endpoints = config.value("sample_endpoints")
+        self.sample_jobs = config.value("sample_jobs")
+        self.ignore_endpoints = set(
+            config.value("ignore_endpoints") + config.value("ignore")
+        )
+        self.ignore_jobs = set(config.value("ignore_jobs"))
+        self.endpoint_sample_rate = config.value("endpoint_sample_rate")
+        self.job_sample_rate = config.value("job_sample_rate")
+
+    def _any_sampling(self):
+        """
+        Check if any sampling is enabled.
+
+        Returns:
+            Boolean indicating if any sampling is enabled
+        """
+        return (
+            self.sample_rate < 100
+            or self.sample_endpoints
+            or self.sample_jobs
+            or self.ignore_endpoints
+            or self.ignore_jobs
+            or self.endpoint_sample_rate is not None
+            or self.job_sample_rate is not None
+        )
+
+    def _find_matching_rate(
+        self, name: str, patterns: Dict[str, float]
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Finds the matching sample rate for a given operation name.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The operation name to match
+            patterns: Dictionary of pattern to sample rate mappings
+
+        Returns:
+            The sample rate for the matching pattern or None if no match found
+        """
+
+        for pattern, rate in patterns.items():
+            if name.startswith(pattern):
+                return rate
+        return None
+
+    def _get_operation_type_and_name(
+        self, operation: str
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+        """
+        Determines if an operation is an endpoint or job and extracts its name.
+
+        Args:
+            operation: The full operation string (e.g. "Controller/users/show")
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (type, name) where type is either 'endpoint' or 'job',
+            and name is the operation name without the prefix
+        """
+        if operation.startswith(self.CONTROLLER_PREFIX):
+            return "endpoint", operation[len(self.CONTROLLER_PREFIX) :]
+        elif operation.startswith(self.JOB_PREFIX):
+            return "job", operation[len(self.JOB_PREFIX) :]
+        else:
+            return None, None
+
+    def get_effective_sample_rate(self, operation: str, is_ignored: bool) -> int:
+        """
+        Determines the effective sample rate for a given operation.
+
+        Prioritization:
+        1. Sampling rate for specific endpoint or job
+        2. Specified ignore pattern or flag for operation
+        3. Global endpoint or job sample rate
+        4. Global sample rate
+
+        Args:
+            operation: The operation string (e.g. "Controller/users/show")
+            is_ignored: boolean for if the specific transaction is ignored
+
+        Returns:
+            Integer between 0 and 100 representing sample rate
+        """
+        op_type, name = self._get_operation_type_and_name(operation)
+        patterns = self.sample_endpoints if op_type == "endpoint" else self.sample_jobs
+        ignores = self.ignore_endpoints if op_type == "endpoint" else self.ignore_jobs
+        default_operation_rate = (
+            self.endpoint_sample_rate if op_type == "endpoint" else self.job_sample_rate
+        )
+
+        if not op_type or not name:
+            return self.sample_rate
+        matching_rate = self._find_matching_rate(name, patterns)
+        if matching_rate is not None:
+            return matching_rate
+        for prefix in ignores:
+            if name.startswith(prefix) or is_ignored:
+                return 0
+        if default_operation_rate is not None:
+            return default_operation_rate
+
+        # Fall back to global sample rate
+        return self.sample_rate
+
+    def should_sample(self, operation: str, is_ignored: bool) -> bool:
+        """
+        Determines if an operation should be sampled.
+        If no sampling is enabled, always return True.
+
+        Args:
+            operation: The operation string (e.g. "Controller/users/show"
+                   or "Job/mailer")
+
+        Returns:
+            Boolean indicating whether to sample this operation
+        """
+        if not self._any_sampling():
+            return True
+        return random.randint(1, 100) <= self.get_effective_sample_rate(
+            operation, is_ignored
+        )
diff --git a/tests/unit/core/test_sampler.py b/tests/unit/core/test_sampler.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..330f6321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/core/test_sampler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from scout_apm.core.config import ScoutConfig
+from scout_apm.core.sampler import Sampler
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def config():
+    config = ScoutConfig()
+    ScoutConfig.set(
+        sample_rate=50,  # 50% global sampling
+        sample_endpoints={
+            "users/test": 0,  # Never sample specific endpoint
+            "users": 100,  # Always sample
+            "test": 20,  # 20% sampling for test endpoints
+            "health": 0,  # Never sample health checks
+        },
+        sample_jobs={
+            "critical-job": 100,  # Always sample
+            "batch": 30,  # 30% sampling for batch jobs
+        },
+        ignore_endpoints=["metrics", "ping"],
+        ignore_jobs=["test-job"],
+        endpoint_sample_rate=70,  # 70% sampling for unspecified endpoints
+        job_sample_rate=40,  # 40% sampling for unspecified jobs
+    )
+    yield config
+    ScoutConfig.reset_all()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sampler(config):
+    return Sampler(config)
+
+
+def test_should_sample_endpoint_always(sampler):
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/users", False) is True
+
+
+def test_should_sample_endpoint_never(sampler):
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/health/check", False) is False
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/users/test", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_endpoint_ignored(sampler):
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/metrics/some/more", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_endpoint_partial(sampler):
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=10):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/test/endpoint", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=30):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/test/endpoint", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_job_always(sampler):
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Job/critical-job", False) is True
+
+
+def test_should_sample_job_never(sampler):
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Job/test-job", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_job_partial(sampler):
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=10):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Job/batch-process", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=40):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Job/batch-process", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_unknown_operation(sampler):
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=10):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Unknown/operation", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=60):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Unknown/operation", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_no_sampling_enabled(config):
+    config.set(
+        sample_rate=100,  # Return config to defaults
+        sample_endpoints={},
+        sample_jobs={},
+        ignore_endpoints=[],
+        ignore_jobs=[],
+        endpoint_sample_rate=None,
+        job_sample_rate=None,
+    )
+    sampler = Sampler(config)
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/any_endpoint", False) is True
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Job/any_job", False) is True
+
+
+def test_should_sample_endpoint_default_rate(sampler):
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=60):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/unspecified", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=80):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/unspecified", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_job_default_rate(sampler):
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=30):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Job/unspecified-job", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=50):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Job/unspecified-job", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_endpoint_fallback_to_global_rate(config):
+    config.set(endpoint_sample_rate=None)
+    sampler = Sampler(config)
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=40):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/unspecified", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=60):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/unspecified", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_sample_job_fallback_to_global_rate(config):
+    config.set(job_sample_rate=None)
+    sampler = Sampler(config)
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=40):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Job/unspecified-job", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=60):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Job/unspecified-job", False) is False
+
+
+def test_should_handle_legacy_ignore_with_specific_sampling(config):
+    """Test that specific sampling rates override legacy ignore patterns."""
+    config.set(
+        sample_endpoints={
+            "foo/bar": 50,  # Should override the ignore pattern for specific endpoint
+            "foo": 0,  # Ignore all other foo endpoints
+        },
+    )
+    sampler = Sampler(config)
+
+    # foo/bar should be sampled at 50%
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=40):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/foo/bar", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=60):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/foo/bar", False) is False
+
+    # foo/other should be ignored (0% sampling)
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/foo/other", False) is False
+
+
+def test_prefix_matching_precedence(config):
+    """Test that longer prefix matches take precedence."""
+    config.set(
+        sample_endpoints={
+            "api/users/vip": 100,  # Sample all VIP user endpoints
+            "api/users": 50,  # Sample 50% of user endpoints
+            "api": 0,  # Ignore all API endpoints by default
+        }
+    )
+    sampler = Sampler(config)
+
+    # Regular API endpoint should be ignored
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/api/status", False) is False
+
+    # Users API should be sampled at 50%
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=40):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/api/users/list", False) is True
+    with mock.patch("random.randint", return_value=60):
+        assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/api/users/list", False) is False
+
+    # VIP users API should always be sampled
+    assert sampler.should_sample("Controller/api/users/vip/list", False) is True