Jenkins2Instalacion/docs/jenkins2_2019.html at main · ualhmis/Jenkins2Instalacion · GitHub

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<title>Instalación de Jenkins 2 en Ubuntu 18.04 LTS</title>
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<body class="book toc2 toc-right">
<div id="header">
<h1>Instalación de Jenkins 2 en Ubuntu 18.04 LTS</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Heramientas y Métodos de Ingeniería del Software</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 1.4,</span>
<span id="revdate">Febrero-2021</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Tabla de contenidos</div>
<ul class="sectlevel0">
<li><a href="#_prerequisitos">Prerequisitos</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_creación_de_una_máquina_virtual_para_jenkins">1. Creación de una máquina virtual para Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_actualizacion_del_sistema">2. Actualizacion del sistema</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_mensaje_de_reinicio">2.1. Mensaje de reinicio</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_instalar_java">3. Instalar Java</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_definiendo_la_variable_de_entorno_java_home">3.1. Definiendo la Variable de Entorno <code>JAVA_HOME</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_jenkins_2">Instalación de Jenkins 2</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_jenkins_mediante_paquetes">4. Instalación de Jenkins mediante paquetes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_apache2_como_proxy_inverso">5. Instalación de Apache2 como Proxy Inverso</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_jenkins_2">Configuración de Jenkins 2</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_primera_configuración_de_jenkins">6. Primera configuración de Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_securizando_jenkins">7. Securizando Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_probando_un_primer_proyecto">8. Probando un primer proyecto</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_herramientas">9. Configuración de herramientas</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_jdk">9.1. JDK</a></li>
<li><a href="#_git">9.2. Git</a></li>
<li><a href="#_ant">9.3. Ant</a></li>
<li><a href="#_maven">9.4. Maven</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_plugins">10. Instalación de plugins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_adicional_opcional">11. Configuración Adicional (opcional)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_gitlab">11.1. Configuración de GitLab</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_sonarqube">11.2. Configuración de SonarQube</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_actualización">12. Actualización</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_actualización_de_jenkins">12.1. Actualización de Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_actualización_de_plugins">12.2. Actualización de plugins</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_bibliografía">Bibliografía</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_referencias">Referencias</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Joaquín Cañadas &lt;<a href="mailto:jjcanada@ual.es">jjcanada@ual.es</a>&gt;
Manel Mena &lt;<a href="mailto:manel.mena@ual.es">manel.mena@ual.es</a>&gt;</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock abstract">
<blockquote>
Tutorial de instalación de Jenkins 2 en Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<div class="title">Objetivos</div>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Actualizar el sistema Ubuntu 18.04 en caso de que sea necesario</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Instalar Jenkins 2 (última versión)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Configurar un proxy inverso</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Primeros pasos en Jenkins: configuración básica y plugins</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_prerequisitos" class="sect0">Prerequisitos</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_creación_de_una_máquina_virtual_para_jenkins">1. Creación de una máquina virtual para Jenkins</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Debes disponer de una máquina virtual en la nube para la instalación de Jenkins. Sigue los pasos que conoces para crear una máquina virtual.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_actualizacion_del_sistema">2. Actualizacion del sistema</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_mensaje_de_reinicio">2.1. Mensaje de reinicio</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Si aparece el mensaje <code>*** System restart required ***</code>
ejecutar</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo reboot -h now</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture1.png" alt="Reiniciar el sistema">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Tras ello, actualizar los paquetes</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get upgrade -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalar_java">3. Instalar Java</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Puede instalar el JDK con el siguiente comando, es importante instalar al menos la versión 1.8 del JDK, si no Jenkins no funcionará. Aunque ya recomienda usar <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/administration/requirements/upgrade-java-guidelines/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Java 11</a></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk -y</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Primero comprobaremos si la versión activa de Java es la 11.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>java -version</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/java-version-11.png" alt="java -version">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>En caso contrario podemos comprobar si hay varias instalaciones de Java en el servidor y elegir la pertinente:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo update-alternatives --config java</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/java-alternatives-11.png" alt="java -alternartives">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_definiendo_la_variable_de_entorno_java_home">3.1. Definiendo la Variable de Entorno <code>JAVA_HOME</code></h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo nano /etc/environment</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Al final de este archivo, agregue la siguiente línea, asegurándose de sustituir la ruta resaltada con la  ruta de jdk en su sistema.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Guarde, salga del archivo y vuelva a cargarlo.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>source /etc/environment</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Ahora puede probar si la variable de entorno se ha establecido mediante la ejecución del siguiente comando:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">echo $JAVA_HOME</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Esto devolverá la ruta que acaba de establecer.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_instalación_de_jenkins_2" class="sect0">Instalación de Jenkins 2</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalación_de_jenkins_mediante_paquetes">4. Instalación de Jenkins mediante paquetes</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instalaremos Jenkins en un sistema operativo basado en Ubuntu 18.04 LTS o 20.04 LTS. La instalación consiste en añadir los repositorios de Jenkins, actualizar nuestro sistema de repositorios y una vez acabado, instalar Jenkins.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Como prerequsito es necesario tener instalado Java. Compruebe que está configurado JAVA_HOME
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instalaremos Jenkins de la rama estable (versión Long-Term Support, LTS). Hay que tener en cuenta que esta versión de Jenkins se actualiza cada 12 semanas. Si queréis más información sobre la versión LTS de Jenkins, os dejo el enlace <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/download/lts/">aqui</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Lo primero que haremos es añadir los repositorios de Jenkins e instalarlo mediante apt-get:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -

sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ &gt; \
    /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'

sudo apt-get update -y

sudo apt-get install jenkins -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A continuación, levantamos el servicio:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo systemctl start jenkins</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Debido a que <code>systemctl</code> no muestra un resultado de estado, utilizaremos el comando <code>status</code> para verificar que Jenkins se haya iniciado de forma correcta:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo systemctl status  jenkins</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Si todo salió bien, la primera parte del resultado de estado mostrará que el servicio está <strong>activo</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Y comprobamos también que Jenkins está funcionando en el puerto 8080</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>netstat -plntu</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture4.png" alt="Listado puertos activos">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Una vez realizada la instalación por defecto Jenkins estará escuchando en el puerto 8080. Podemos comprobarlo:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>curl localhost:8080</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture5.png" alt="Respuesta de Jenkins en el 8080">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Necesitamos instalar un apache o nginx en modo <strong>Reverse Proxy</strong> para poder acceder a la administración de Jenkins mediante el puerto 80 (HTTP).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalación_de_apache2_como_proxy_inverso">5. Instalación de Apache2 como Proxy Inverso</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instalamos Apache2 y lo configuramos para que actue como proxy inverso del puerto 8080.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo a2enmod proxy
sudo a2enmod proxy_http</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>La salida esperada debe ser:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">Enabling module proxy.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  sudo service apache2 restart</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Reiniciamos Apache2:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo service apache2 restart</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Comprobamos que Apache2 está funcionando en el puerto 80:</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture6.png" alt="Apache2 homepage">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A continuación, creamos un nuevo archivo de host virtual en la carpeta 'sites-available'</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/jenkins.conf</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Copiamos el siguiente texto como contenido del archivo, sustituyendo el texto <em>JENKINS.MACHINE.IP</em> por la DNS generada en AZURE de la máquina (ver ejemplo en la captura de pantalla abajo):</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf">&lt;Virtualhost *:80&gt;
    ServerName        JENKINS.MACHINE.IP <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
    ProxyRequests     Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode

    &lt;Proxy http://localhost:8080/*&gt;
      Order deny,allow
      Allow from all
    &lt;/Proxy&gt;

    ProxyPass         /  http://localhost:8080/ nocanon
    ProxyPassReverse  /  http://localhost:8080/
    ProxyPassReverse  /  http://JENKINS.MACHINE.IP/ <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
&lt;/Virtualhost&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="colist arabic">
<table>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
<td>Rercuerda sustituir <code>JENKINS.MACHINE.IP</code> por el DNS de la máquina virtual en Azure donde has instalado Jenkins.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
<td>Rercuerda sustituir <code>JENKINS.MACHINE.IP</code> por el DNS de la máquina virtual</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture7b.png" alt="Archivo jenkins.conf">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Guardamos el archivo. Y activamos el host virtual de Jenkins con el comando <strong>a2ensite</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo a2ensite jenkins</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Reiniciamos Apache2 y Jenkins</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl restart jenkins</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Y por último, comprobamos que los puertos 80 y 8080 están usados por Apache2 y Jenkins, respectivameten</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>netstat -plntu</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture8.png" alt="Listado de puertos activos 80 y 8080">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_configuración_de_jenkins_2" class="sect0">Configuración de Jenkins 2</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_primera_configuración_de_jenkins">6. Primera configuración de Jenkins</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Antes de realizar la primera configuración necesitaremos saber el password temporal de admin que Jenkins ha generado para poder empezar a configurarlo:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Copiamos el password y lo pegamos en la siguiente pantalla, y hacemo click en <b class="button">Continuar</b></p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture9.png" alt="Unlock Jenkins">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Seguidamente instalaremos los plugins más comunes. No os preocupéis que posteriormente instalaremos varios plugins más, de hecho una de las grandes ventajas que tiene Jenkins es la gran cantidad de plugins que hay.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture10.png" alt="Install suggested plugins">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Tras hacer clic en <strong>Install suggested plugins</strong>, el proceso de instalación de plugins tradará unos minutos:</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture11.png" alt="Jenkins plugins installations in progress">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Seguidamente nos solicitará un usuario y una contraseña de <strong>admin</strong>, el cual usaremos posteriormente poder acceder a la administración de Jenkins:</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture12.png" alt="Create first Admin user">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Pulsamos el botón <b class="button">Save and Finish</b></p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture13.png" alt="Jenkins is ready">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Ya podemos acceder a Jenkins introduciendo el usuario y contraseña que acabamos de crear.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture14.png" alt="Bienvenido a Jenkins">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_securizando_jenkins">7. Securizando Jenkins</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Las versiones anteriores de Jenkins (v1.x) se instalaban sin ningún tipo de control de acceso para los usuarios. Esto implicaba que cualquier usuario podía usar la aplicación, lo que era totalmente desaconsejable. Por ello, lo primero era activar la seguridad. La versión actual (v2.x) crea un usuario Admin con el que hemos hecho el primer acceso, pero, en cualquier caso, sigue siendo necesario configurar la seguridad para poder gestionar el acceso a nuevos usuarios. Para ello, hacemos clic en <strong>Administrar Jenkins</strong> / <strong>Configuración global de seguridad</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Jenkins permite diversos <strong>modos de acceso</strong>. Vamos a configurar el más básico que es el de <strong>Usar base de datos de Jenkins</strong>, y marcamos <strong>Permitir que los usuarios se registren</strong>. A continuación, en la sección <strong>Autorización</strong>, marcamos <strong>Configuración de seguridad</strong>. En el campo de texto debemos escribir el nombre del usuario admin con el que hemos accedido, y a continuación hacer clic en el botón <b class="button">Añadir</b>. Tras ello, debemos marcarlo como <strong>Administer</strong>. Y por último <b class="button">Guardar</b></p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture16.png" alt="Autorización. Configuración de seguirdad">
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="title">Qué hacer si nos hemos bloqueado y no podemos acceder</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>En caso de emergencia, si olvidamos la contraseña o no podemos acceder a Jenkins, debemos seguir las instrucciones definidas aquí: <a href="https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Disable+security">Help! I locked myself out!</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Más info en <a href="https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Securing+Jenkins">Securing Jenkins</a></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Podemos registar nuevos usuarios mediante el formulario de registro de la página inicial (no estando logueados). Cada miembro del equipo debe registrarse como usuario. Mediante el usuario adminsitrador damos permisos a los nuevos usuarios registrados.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="title">Control de acceso con LDAP</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>El método de acceso más recomendable sería tener un sistema LDAP para el equipo, y que la validación de todas las herramientas (GitLab, Jenkins, etc) se realizase contra el LDAP (esto se podría implementar con, por ejemplo, <a href="https://www.openldap.org/">OpenLDAP</a>).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Más info:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Standard+Security+Setup">Jenkins standard security setup</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/LDAP+Plugin">LDAP plugin</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_probando_un_primer_proyecto">8. Probando un primer proyecto</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Desde la página inicial de Jenkins, clic en <strong>Nueva Tarea</strong> (<em>Create new Job</em>)</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Nueva_Tarea.png" alt="Nueva Tarea">