Jenkins2Instalacion/docs/jenkins2_2023.html at main · ualhmis/Jenkins2Instalacion · GitHub

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<body class="book toc2 toc-right doc">
<div id="header">
<h1>Instalación de Jenkins en Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04, 18.04 LTS con Certbot SSL</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Herramientas y Métodos de Ingeniería del Software</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 3.1,</span>
<span id="revdate">Marzo-2026</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Tabla de contenidos</div>
<ul class="sectlevel0">
<li><a href="#_prerrequisitos">Prerrequisitos</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_creación_de_una_máquina_virtual_para_jenkins">1. Creación de una máquina virtual para Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_actualización_del_sistema">2. Actualización del sistema</a></li>
<li><a href="#_instalar_java">3. Instalar Java</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_definiendo_la_variable_de_entorno_java_home">3.1. Definiendo la Variable de Entorno <code>JAVA_HOME</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_jenkins">Instalación de Jenkins</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_jenkins_mediante_paquetes">4. Instalación de Jenkins mediante paquetes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_nginx_como_proxy_inverso">5. Instalación de Nginx como Proxy Inverso</a></li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_lets_encrypt_ssl_optativo">6. Instalación de Let’s Encrypt SSL (optativo)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_jenkins_2">Configuración de Jenkins 2</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_primera_configuración_de_jenkins">7. Primera configuración de Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_securizando_jenkins">8. Securizando Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_probando_un_primer_proyecto">9. Probando un primer proyecto</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_herramientas">10. Configuración de herramientas</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_jdk">10.1. JDK</a></li>
<li><a href="#_git">10.2. Git</a></li>
<li><a href="#_ant">10.3. Ant</a></li>
<li><a href="#_maven">10.4. Maven</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_instalación_de_plugins">11. Instalación de plugins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_adicional_opcional">12. Configuración Adicional (opcional)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_gitlab">12.1. Configuración de GitLab</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configuración_de_sonarqube">12.2. Configuración de SonarQube</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_actualización">13. Actualización</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_actualización_de_jenkins">13.1. Actualización de Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="#_actualización_de_plugins">13.2. Actualización de plugins</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_bibliografía">Bibliografía</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_referencias">Referencias</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Joaquín Cañadas &lt;<a href="mailto:jjcanada@ual.es">jjcanada@ual.es</a>&gt;</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock abstract">
<blockquote>
Tutorial de instalación de Jenkins en Ubuntu 20.04, 18.04 LTS con Certbot SSL.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<div class="title">Objetivos</div>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Actualizar el sistema Ubuntu 24.04, 22.04, 20.04, 18.04 en caso de que sea necesario</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Instalar Jenkins (última versión)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Configurar Nginx como proxy inverso</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Instalar certificado SSL con Certbot</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Primeros pasos en Jenkins: configuración básica y plugins</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_prerrequisitos" class="sect0">Prerrequisitos</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_creación_de_una_máquina_virtual_para_jenkins">1. Creación de una máquina virtual para Jenkins</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Debes disponer de una máquina virtual en la nube para la instalación de Jenkins. Sigue los pasos que conoces para crear una máquina virtual.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_actualización_del_sistema">2. Actualización del sistema</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Actualiza los paquetes</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get upgrade -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Si aparece el mensaje <code>*** System restart required ***</code>
ejecutar</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo reboot -h now</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture1.png" alt="Reiniciar el sistema" width="60%">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 1. Reiniciar el sistema</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalar_java">3. Instalar Java</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Puede instalar JDK con el siguiente comando, es importante instalar al menos la versión 1.8 del JDK, si no Jenkins no funcionará. Aunque ya recomienda usar <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Java 21</a></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt install openjdk-21-jdk -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Primero comprobaremos si la versión activa de Java es la 21.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">java -version</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/java-version-21.png" alt="java -version">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>En caso contrario podemos comprobar si hay varias instalaciones de Java en el servidor y elegir la pertinente:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo update-alternatives --config java</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/java-alternatives-17.png" alt="java -alternatives">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_definiendo_la_variable_de_entorno_java_home">3.1. Definiendo la Variable de Entorno <code>JAVA_HOME</code></h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo nano /etc/environment</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Al final de este archivo, agregue la siguiente línea, asegurándose de sustituir la ruta resaltada con la  ruta de jdk en su sistema.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf">JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Guarde, salga del archivo y vuelva a cargarlo.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">source /etc/environment</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Ahora puede probar si la variable de entorno se ha establecido mediante la ejecución del siguiente comando:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">echo $JAVA_HOME</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Esto devolverá la ruta que acaba de establecer.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_instalación_de_jenkins" class="sect0">Instalación de Jenkins</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalación_de_jenkins_mediante_paquetes">4. Instalación de Jenkins mediante paquetes</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instalaremos Jenkins en un sistema operativo basado en Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, 22.04 LTS, 20.04 LTS o 18.04 LTS. La instalación consiste en añadir los repositorios de Jenkins, actualizar nuestro sistema de repositorios y una vez acabado, instalar Jenkins.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Como prerrequisito es necesario tener instalado Java. Compruebe que está configurado JAVA_HOME
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instalaremos Jenkins de la rama estable (versión Long-Term Support, LTS). Hay que tener en cuenta que esta versión de Jenkins se actualiza cada 12 semanas. Si queréis más información sobre la versión LTS de Jenkins, os dejo el enlace <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/download/lts/">aqui</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Las <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/#debian-stable">intrucciones oficiales</a>  Lo primero que haremos es añadir los repositorios de Jenkins e instalarlo mediante apt-get:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo wget -O /etc/apt/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc \
  https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2026.key</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc]" \
  https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee \
  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list &gt; /dev/null</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Actualiza e instala.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt-get update -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt-get install jenkins -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>En caso de que no se pueda instalar Jenkins, revise si el comando ha sido actualizado en los pasos de <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/#debianubuntu">instalación de Jenkins en Ubuntu</a>.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A continuación, comprueba el estado del servicio:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo systemctl status jenkins</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center thumb">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/estado-servicio-jenkins.png" alt="estado servicio jenkins" width="100%">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 2. Estado del servicio Jenkins</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>En caso de que no esté activo, levantamos el servicio:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo systemctl start jenkins</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Debido a que <code>systemctl</code> no muestra un resultado de estado, utilizaremos el comando <code>status</code> para verificar que Jenkins se haya iniciado de forma correcta:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo systemctl status jenkins</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Si todo salió bien, mostrará que el servicio está <strong>activo</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Y comprobamos también que Jenkins está funcionando en el puerto 8080</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo netstat -plntu</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture4.png" alt="Listado puertos activos">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 3. Listado puertos activos</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Una vez realizada la instalación por defecto Jenkins estará escuchando en el puerto 8080. Podemos comprobarlo:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">curl localhost:8080</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture5.png" alt="Respuesta de Jenkins en el 8080">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 4. Respuesta de Jenkins en el 8080</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Jenkins se está ejecutando en el puerto 8080. Necesitamos instalar un Apache o Nginx en modo <strong>Reverse Proxy</strong> para poder acceder a la administración de Jenkins mediante el puerto 80 (HTTP).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalación_de_nginx_como_proxy_inverso">5. Instalación de Nginx como Proxy Inverso</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instalamos Nginx y lo configuramos para que actúe como proxy inverso: Nginx recibe las peticiones en el puerto 80 y las redirige al 8080 donde escucha Jenkins.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt install nginx -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Comprobamos que Nginx está funcionando en el puerto 80: abre el navegador, introduce la dirección IP de tu máquina virtual y verás la página de bienvenida de Nginx.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/nginx-home.png" alt="Nginx homepage">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Creamos un nuevo archivo de configuración para Jenkins, sustituyendo <em>JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</em> por la DNS generada en AZURE de la máquina Jenkins:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>El contendido debe ser el siguiente, sustituyendo el texto <em>JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</em> por la DNS generada en AZURE de la máquina (sin http delante, solo el nombre de DNS):</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"> server {
    listen [::]:80;
    listen 80;

    server_name JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS; <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>

    location / {
        proxy_set_header        Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        proxy_pass          http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_read_timeout  90;

        proxy_redirect      http://127.0.0.1:8080 https://JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS; <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>

        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_request_buffering off;
        add_header 'X-SSH-Endpoint' 'JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS:50022' always; <i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>(3)</b>
    }
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="colist arabic">
<table>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
<td>Recuerda sustituir <code>JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</code> por el DNS de la máquina virtual en Azure donde has instalado Jenkins.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
<td>Idem</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>3</b></td>
<td>Idem</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Se recomienda copiar el texto y editarlo en local con Notepad++ o cualquier otro editor, para hacer la búsqueda y reemplazo de <code>JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</code> por el DNS de la máquina virtual. Tras ello, copia y pega el texto definitivo en el archivo abierto con <em>nano</em> en el terminal SSH.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Tenemos que configurar Nginx para que use el archivo de configuración que acabamos de crear, así que eliminamos la configuración predeterminada:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo rm -rf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo rm -rf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A continuación, creamos un enlace simbólico `default`a la nueva configuración de Nginx:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Recuerda sustituir <code>JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</code> por el DNS de la máquina virtual en Azure.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Para que Jenkins trabaje con Nginx, necesitamos hacer que Jenkins escuche en <code>localhost</code>. Para ello, editamos el archivo <code>/etc/default/jenkins</code></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo nano /etc/default/jenkins</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Busca la linea <code>JENKINS_ARGS</code> (última línea del archivo) y añade al final en la lista de argumentos <code>--httpListenAddress=127.0.0.1</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>La linea quedaría así:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf">JENKINS_ARGS="--webroot=/var/cache/$NAME/war --httpPort=$HTTP_PORT --httpListenAddress=127.0.0.1"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Reiniciamos Jenkins</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo systemctl restart jenkins</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Comprueba la configuración y reinicia Nginx:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo nginx -t
sudo service nginx restart</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Y por último, comprobamos que los puertos 80 y 8080 están usados por Nginx y Jenkins, respectivamente.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">netstat -plntu</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/Picture8.png" alt="Listado de puertos activos: 80 y 8080">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 5. Listado de puertos activos: 80 y 8080</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_instalación_de_lets_encrypt_ssl_optativo">6. Instalación de Let’s Encrypt SSL (optativo)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Certbot by Let’s Encrypt proporciona certificados SSL gratuitos, permitiendo que cualquiera pueda usar HTTPS.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo apt-get install python3-certbot-nginx -y</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Ahora que has instalado Certbot by Let’s Encrypt para Ubuntu, ejecuta el siguiente comando para recibir tus certificados:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo certbot --nginx certonly</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Introduce un correo electrónico y acepta los términos y condiciones (Y), no compartas tu email (N), luego recibirás la lista de dominios que necesita para generar el certificado SSL. Para seleccionar todos los dominios simplemente presiona Enter para dejar en blanco.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>El cliente de Certbot generará automáticamente el nuevo certificado para tu dominio.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center thumb">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/certificados-generados-ok.png" alt="certificados generados ok" width="100%">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 6. Certificados generados correctamente</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Ahora necesitamos actualizar la configuración de Nginx.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Una vez que se instala SSL, puede configurarlo en su archivo Nginx.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/JENKINS.MACHINE.DNS</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Borra todo el contenido y añade el siguiente:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">