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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Actividad 9. Pruebas de aceptación con Selenium</title>
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<body class="book toc2 toc-right">
<div id="header">
<h1>Actividad 9. Pruebas de aceptación con Selenium</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Tabla de contenidos</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_selenium_webdriver_y_jenkins">1. Selenium WebDriver y Jenkins</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_configuración">1.1. Configuración</a></li>
<li><a href="#_creación_del_pipeline_en_jenkins">1.2. Creación del pipeline en Jenkins</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_más_info">2. Más info</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Herramientas y Métodos en Ingeniería del Software
Version 1.2, Abril-2021.
Joaquín Cañadas <<a href="mailto:jjcanada@ual.es">jjcanada@ual.es</a>></p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock abstract">
<blockquote>
Tests de Selenium JUnit WebDriver en Jenkins.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<div class="title">Objetivos</div>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Ejecutar los test de Selenium JUnit Webdriver en Jenkins utilizando el navegador en modo <em>headless</em>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sidebarblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="title">Realización y entrega</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>La realización de estas actividades se realizará en equipo. La entrega será mediante el envío de un informe y el acceso al profesor a los servicios configurados, para la revisión y evaluación de los mismos.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_selenium_webdriver_y_jenkins">1. Selenium WebDriver y Jenkins</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="selenium-webdriver.html">Selenium WebDriver</a> permite ejecutar los tests de Selenium como tests de JUnit, permitiendo así su ejecución en Eclipse y Jenkins.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>La ejecución de los tests de Selenium en Jenkins debe hacerse en modo <em>headless</em> ya que la máquina Jenkins no tiene instalada una interfaz gráfica, más comúnmente conocida como X o X11 en Linux. A pesar de ello, podremos hacerlo instalando un entorno de visualización simulado (<code>xvfb</code>). Veamos los pasos necesarios. Lo primero es descargar los drivers de los navegadores en la máquina de Jenkins.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_configuración">1.1. Configuración</h3>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>En la carpeta JENKINS_HOME (si no recuerdas cual es, la predeterminada es <code>/var/lib/jenkins</code>, puedes verla en <a href="http://fake">http://<em>mi-jenkins-url</em>/systemInfo</a>) crea una carpeta <code>selenium-drivers</code> y descarga ahí los drivers de los navegadores Firefox y Chrome para Ubuntu. Para ello, ejecuta los siguientes comandos en la máquina Jenkins.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="bash"><span class="nb">cd
</span><span class="nv">JENKINS_HOME</span><span class="o">=</span>/var/lib/jenkins <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>
<span class="nb">mkdir</span> <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>/selenium-drivers <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
wget https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.29.1/geckodriver-v0.29.1-linux64.tar.gz
<span class="nb">sudo tar</span> <span class="nt">-C</span> <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>/selenium-drivers/ <span class="nt">-xvf</span> geckodriver-v0.29.1-linux64.tar.gz <i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>(3)</b>
wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/90.0.4430.24/chromedriver_linux64.zip <i class="conum" data-value="4"></i><b>(4)</b>
<span class="nb">sudo </span>apt-get <span class="nb">install </span>unzip <span class="nt">-y</span>
<span class="nb">sudo </span>unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip <span class="nt">-d</span> <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>/selenium-drivers/ <i class="conum" data-value="5"></i><b>(5)</b>
<span class="nb">ls</span> <span class="nt">-la</span> <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>/selenium-drivers/ <i class="conum" data-value="6"></i><b>(6)</b>
<span class="nb">sudo chown </span>jenkins:jenkins <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>/selenium-drivers/ <i class="conum" data-value="7"></i><b>(7)</b>
<span class="nb">sudo chown </span>jenkins:jenkins <span class="nv">$JENKINS_HOME</span>/selenium-drivers/<span class="k">*</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="colist arabic">
<table>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
<td>Declara la variable de entorno <code>JENKINS_HOME</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
<td>Crea la carpeta donde guardar los drivers de los navegadores. Asegúrate que tienes permisos suficientes. Si necesitas usar <code>sudo</code>, deberás de cambiar los permisos y grupos de los archivos al usuario <code>jenkins:jenkins</code> (ver paso 6).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>3</b></td>
<td>Con <code>wget</code> descarga <code>geckodriver</code> para linux en la carpeta home, y con <code>tar -xvf</code> descomprime en la carpeta deseada.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="4"></i><b>4</b></td>
<td>Con <code>wget</code> descarga <code>chromedriver</code> para linux en la carpeta home, pero antes revisa la <a href="https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/google_chrome/stable/main/base/google-chrome-stable">última versión estable</a> de Chrome para Ubuntu y usa la <a href="https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads">URL de descarga</a> de <code>chromedriver_linux64.zip</code> adecuada para la versión estable de Chrome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="5"></i><b>5</b></td>
<td>Con <code>unzip</code> descomprime en la carpeta deseada. Además has tenido que instalar <code>unzip</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="6"></i><b>6</b></td>
<td>Lista los archivos en la carpeta <code>selenium-drivers</code>. Comprueba que los permisos no son adecuados para que Jenkins pueda lanzar los ejecutables de los drivers.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="7"></i><b>7</b></td>
<td>Asigna el grupo <code>jenkins:jenkins</code> a la carpeta y los archivos. Como resultado los archivos deben tener los permisos correctos</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center thumb">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/jenkins-installed-selenium-drivers.png" alt="jenkins installed selenium drivers">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 1. Permisos de los drivers</div>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic" start="2">
<li>
<p>Instala <code>firefox</code> en tu máquina Jenkins. También deberás instalar <code>xvfb</code> que hace de <a href="http://elementalselenium.com/tips/38-headless">entorno de visualización simulado</a> para ejecutar los tests <em>headeless</em> de Selenium. Recuerda que la maquina Jenkins no tiene una interfaz gráfica, así que aunque firefox se va a ejecutar en modo <em>headless</em>, es necesario tener un entorno de visualización simulado, y esto lo proporciona <code>xvfb</code>.</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>sudo apt-get install -y xvfb firefox</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_creación_del_pipeline_en_jenkins">1.2. Creación del pipeline en Jenkins</h3>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Crea en Jenkins un nuevo proyecto pipeline. Incluye la fase (<em>stage</em>) con nombre <code>Firefox tests</code>, donde llames a maven. Utiliza <code>xvfb-run</code> que se encarga de iniciar y parar <code>xvfb</code> por ti.</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>xvfb-run mvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=${JENKINS_HOME}/selenium-drivers/geckodriver</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>El pipeline tendrá esta forma:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Jenkinsfile</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="groovy"><span class="n">pipeline</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">agent</span> <span class="n">any</span>
<span class="n">environment</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">DRIVERS_LOC</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"/var/lib/jenkins/selenium-drivers/"</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="n">tools</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Usa aquí el nombre de tu instalación de Maven en Jenkins Tools</span>
<span class="n">maven</span> <span class="s2">"Default maven"</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="n">stages</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">stage</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">'Git clone'</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">steps</span><span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Update the URL to your repo</span>
<span class="n">git</span> <span class="s1">'https://github.com/tu-usuario/tu-repo-selenium.git'</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="n">stage</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">'Firefox tests'</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">steps</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Run Maven on xvfb environment display.</span>
<span class="c1">// Update the path/to/your/pom.xml as necessary</span>
<span class="n">sh</span> <span class="s2">"xvfb-run mvn -f path/to/pom.xml clean test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=${DRIVERS_LOC}/geckodriver"</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="n">post</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// If Maven was able to run the tests, even if some of the test</span>
<span class="c1">// failed, record the test results</span>
<span class="n">success</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">junit</span> <span class="s1">'**/target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml'</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Comprueba que en el código de los tests Selenium en JUnit estás usando <code>FirefoxDriver</code>, y modo <em>headless</em></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Recuerda que en el código debes comentar las lineas donde se definen las property con las rutas de los drivers.</p>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>// System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "drivers/geckodriver.exe");</pre>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic" start="3">
<li>
<p>Publica la gráfica de los tests en un bloque <code>post</code> del pipeline.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center thumb">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/jenkins-webdriver-pipeline-firefox-ok.png" alt="jenkins webdriver pipeline firefox ok">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 2. Pipeline con la fase Firefox Test</div>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="_a_partir_de_aquí_es_optativo">A partir de aquí es optativo</h5>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic" start="4">
<li>
<p>Para probar la ejecución con Chrome, debes instalar Chrome en la máquina Jenkins. Para ello sigue los pasos: <a href="https://ubunlog.com/google-chrome-ubuntu-1804/#Instalar_Google_Chrome_en_Ubuntu_1804_LTS_desde_la_linea_de_comandos">Instalar Google Chrome en Ubuntu 18.04 LTS desde la línea de comandos</a> (No instales al versión beta, tampoco podrás ejecutarlo, simplemente instalarlo). Después, crea una nueva fase donde llames a los tests con el driver de Chrome. Tendrás que modificar el driver en el código, y llamar a maven con el siguiente parámetro para Chrome Driver:</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>mvn test -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=${DRIVERS_LOC}/chromedriver</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Habrás implementado dos alternativas de ejecución en Jenkins de los test de Selenium en modo <em>headless</em>.
Sin embargo, el diseño de clases JUnit y uso de los distintos drivers tiene varias desventajas:</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Para ejecutar con un navegador u otro tenemos que tocar el código fuente y modificar el driver "a mano"</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Esto implica que no se puede lanzar la ejecución en los dos navegadores en el mismo pipeline: o ejecutamos con Firefox o ejecutamos con Chrome.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Lo ideal es poder diseñar el pipeline para lanzar en paralelo la ejecución en estos dos, o cuantos navegadores sean necesarios, tal y como se muestra en la siguiente imagen:</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center thumb">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/jenkins-blueocean-parallel-browser-testing.png" alt="jenkins blueocean parallel browser testing">
</div>
<div class="title">Fig. 3. Pipeline con ejecución de varios navegadores en paralelo</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>EJERCICIOS (Optativos)</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Rediseña las clases JUnit con los test de Selenium para poder lanzar los tests bien con Firefox o bien con en Chrome, sin tener que modificar el código fuente, es decir, sin tener que cambiar el driver "a mano". Para ello revisa el ejemplo <a href="https://github.com/ualhmis/seleniumWebDriverJUnit/tree/junit5/seleniumHMIS21">seleniumHMIS21</a> en su rama master (JUnit 4), y en la rama junit5.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Crea dos fases en el pipeline, una para Firefox y otra para Chrome, y configura el pipeline para que se ejecuten en paralelo, usando el bloque <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/blog/2017/09/25/declarative-1/"><code>parallel</code></a> (Más info: <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/syntax/#parallel">Jenkins Pipeline Syntax</a>)</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_más_info">2. Más info</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/shailendravaichalkar/Selenium-Maven-Template" class="bare">https://github.com/shailendravaichalkar/Selenium-Maven-Template</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Mas información sobre <a href="https://www.selenium.dev/maven">Maven con Selenium</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/selenium-with-java-for-automated-test">Buenas prácticas</a>: Selenium con Java</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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