## Coverage Report

#### Created: 2025-11-17 14:14

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    /Users/andrewlamb/Software/arrow-rs/arrow-array/src/array/string_array.rs

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    1
    // Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    2
    // or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    3
    // distributed with this work for additional information
    4
    // regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    5
    // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    6
    // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    7
    // with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    8
    //
    9
    //   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    10
    //
    11
    // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
    12
    // software distributed under the License is distributed on an
    13
    // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
    14
    // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
    15
    // specific language governing permissions and limitations
    16
    // under the License.
    17
    18
    use crate::types::GenericStringType;
    19
    use crate::{GenericBinaryArray, GenericByteArray, GenericListArray, OffsetSizeTrait};
    20
    use arrow_schema::ArrowError;
    21
    22
    /// A [`GenericByteArray`] for storing `str`
    23
    pub type GenericStringArray<OffsetSize> = GenericByteArray<GenericStringType<OffsetSize>>;
    24
    25
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> GenericStringArray<OffsetSize> {
    26
        /// Returns the number of `Unicode Scalar Value` in the string at index `i`.
    27
        /// # Performance
    28
        /// This function has `O(n)` time complexity where `n` is the string length.
    29
        /// If you can make sure that all chars in the string are in the range `U+0x0000` ~ `U+0x007F`,
    30
        /// please use the function [`value_length`](#method.value_length) which has O(1) time complexity.
    31
        pub fn num_chars(&self, i: usize) -> usize {
    32
            self.value(i).chars().count()
    33
        }
    34
    35
        /// Returns an iterator that returns the values of `array.value(i)` for an iterator with each element `i`
    36
        pub fn take_iter<'a>(
    37
            &'a self,
    38
            indexes: impl Iterator<Item = Option<usize>> + 'a,
    39
        ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<&'a str>> {
    40
            indexes.map(|opt_index| opt_index.map(|index| self.value(index)))
    41
        }
    42
    43
        /// Returns an iterator that returns the values of `array.value(i)` for an iterator with each element `i`
    44
        /// # Safety
    45
        ///
    46
        /// caller must ensure that the indexes in the iterator are less than the `array.len()`
    47
        pub unsafe fn take_iter_unchecked<'a>(
    48
            &'a self,
    49
            indexes: impl Iterator<Item = Option<usize>> + 'a,
    50
        ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<&'a str>> {
    51
            indexes.map(|opt_index| opt_index.map(|index| unsafe { self.value_unchecked(index) }))
    52
        }
    53
    54
        /// Fallibly creates a [`GenericStringArray`] from a [`GenericBinaryArray`] returning
    55
        /// an error if [`GenericBinaryArray`] contains invalid UTF-8 data
    56
        pub fn try_from_binary(v: GenericBinaryArray<OffsetSize>) -> Result<Self, ArrowError> {
    57
            let (offsets, values, nulls) = v.into_parts();
    58
            Self::try_new(offsets, values, nulls)
    59
        }
    60
    }
    61
    62
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> From<GenericListArray<OffsetSize>>
    63
        for GenericStringArray<OffsetSize>
    64
    {
    65
        fn from(v: GenericListArray<OffsetSize>) -> Self {
    66
            GenericBinaryArray::<OffsetSize>::from(v).into()
    67
        }
    68
    }
    69
    70
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> From<GenericBinaryArray<OffsetSize>>
    71
        for GenericStringArray<OffsetSize>
    72
    {
    73
        fn from(v: GenericBinaryArray<OffsetSize>) -> Self {
    74
            Self::try_from_binary(v).unwrap()
    75
        }
    76
    }
    77
    78
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> From<Vec<Option<&str>>> for GenericStringArray<OffsetSize> {
    79
    42
        fn from(v: Vec<Option<&str>>) -> Self {
    80
    42
            v.into_iter().collect()
    81
    42
        }
    82
    }
    83
    84
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> From<Vec<&str>> for GenericStringArray<OffsetSize> {
    85
    49
        fn from(v: Vec<&str>) -> Self {
    86
    49
            Self::from_iter_values(v)
    87
    49
        }
    88
    }
    89
    90
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> From<Vec<Option<String>>> for GenericStringArray<OffsetSize> {
    91
    1
        fn from(v: Vec<Option<String>>) -> Self {
    92
    1
            v.into_iter().collect()
    93
    1
        }
    94
    }
    95
    96
    impl<OffsetSize: OffsetSizeTrait> From<Vec<String>> for GenericStringArray<OffsetSize> {
    97
        fn from(v: Vec<String>) -> Self {
    98
            Self::from_iter_values(v)
    99
        }
    100
    }
    101
    102
    /// A [`GenericStringArray`] of `str` using `i32` offsets
    103
    ///
    104
    /// # Examples
    105
    ///
    106
    /// Construction
    107
    ///
    108
    /// ```
    109
    /// # use arrow_array::StringArray;
    110
    /// // Create from Vec<Option<&str>>
    111
    /// let arr = StringArray::from(vec![Some("foo"), Some("bar"), None, Some("baz")]);
    112
    /// // Create from Vec<&str>
    113
    /// let arr = StringArray::from(vec!["foo", "bar", "baz"]);
    114
    /// // Create from iter/collect (requires Option<&str>)
    115
    /// let arr: StringArray = std::iter::repeat(Some("foo")).take(10).collect();
    116
    /// ```
    117
    ///
    118
    /// Construction and Access
    119
    ///
    120
    /// ```
    121
    /// # use arrow_array::StringArray;
    122
    /// let array = StringArray::from(vec![Some("foo"), None, Some("bar")]);
    123
    /// assert_eq!(array.value(0), "foo");
    124
    /// ```
    125
    ///
    126
    /// See [`GenericByteArray`] for more information and examples
    127
    pub type StringArray = GenericStringArray<i32>;
    128
    129
    /// A [`GenericStringArray`] of `str` using `i64` offsets
    130
    ///
    131
    /// # Examples
    132
    ///
    133
    /// Construction
    134
    ///
    135
    /// ```
    136
    /// # use arrow_array::LargeStringArray;
    137
    /// // Create from Vec<Option<&str>>
    138
    /// let arr = LargeStringArray::from(vec![Some("foo"), Some("bar"), None, Some("baz")]);
    139
    /// // Create from Vec<&str>
    140
    /// let arr = LargeStringArray::from(vec!["foo", "bar", "baz"]);
    141
    /// // Create from iter/collect (requires Option<&str>)
    142
    /// let arr: LargeStringArray = std::iter::repeat(Some("foo")).take(10).collect();
    143
    /// ```
    144
    ///
    145
    /// Construction and Access
    146
    ///
    147
    /// ```
    148
    /// use arrow_array::LargeStringArray;
    149
    /// let array = LargeStringArray::from(vec![Some("foo"), None, Some("bar")]);
    150
    /// assert_eq!(array.value(2), "bar");
    151
    /// ```
    152
    ///
    153
    /// See [`GenericByteArray`] for more information and examples
    154
    pub type LargeStringArray = GenericStringArray<i64>;
    155
    156
    #[cfg(test)]
    157
    mod tests {
    158
        use super::*;
    159
        use crate::Array;
    160
        use crate::builder::{ListBuilder, PrimitiveBuilder, StringBuilder};
    161
        use crate::types::UInt8Type;
    162
        use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
    163
        use arrow_data::ArrayData;
    164
        use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field};
    165
        use std::sync::Arc;
    166
    167
        #[test]
    168
        fn test_string_array_from_u8_slice() {
    169
            let values: Vec<&str> = vec!["hello", "", "A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ"];
    170
    171
            // Array data: ["hello", "", "A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ"]
    172
            let string_array = StringArray::from(values);
    173
    174
            assert_eq!(3, string_array.len());
    175
            assert_eq!(0, string_array.null_count());
    176
            assert_eq!("hello", string_array.value(0));
    177
            assert_eq!("hello", unsafe { string_array.value_unchecked(0) });
    178
            assert_eq!("", string_array.value(1));
    179
            assert_eq!("", unsafe { string_array.value_unchecked(1) });
    180
            assert_eq!("A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ", string_array.value(2));
    181
            assert_eq!("A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ", unsafe {
    182
                string_array.value_unchecked(2)
    183
            });
    184
            assert_eq!(20, string_array.value_length(2)); // 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1
    185
            assert_eq!(8, string_array.num_chars(2));
    186
            for i in 0..3 {
    187
                assert!(string_array.is_valid(i));
    188
                assert!(!string_array.is_null(i));
    189
            }
    190
        }
    191
    192
        #[test]
    193
        #[should_panic(expected = "StringArray expects DataType::Utf8")]
    194
        fn test_string_array_from_int() {
    195
            let array = LargeStringArray::from(vec!["a", "b"]);
    196
            drop(StringArray::from(array.into_data()));
    197
        }
    198
    199
        #[test]
    200
        fn test_large_string_array_from_u8_slice() {
    201
            let values: Vec<&str> = vec!["hello", "", "A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ"];
    202
    203
            // Array data: ["hello", "", "A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ"]
    204
            let string_array = LargeStringArray::from(values);
    205
    206
            assert_eq!(3, string_array.len());
    207
            assert_eq!(0, string_array.null_count());
    208
            assert_eq!("hello", string_array.value(0));
    209
            assert_eq!("hello", unsafe { string_array.value_unchecked(0) });
    210
            assert_eq!("", string_array.value(1));
    211
            assert_eq!("", unsafe { string_array.value_unchecked(1) });
    212
            assert_eq!("A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ", string_array.value(2));
    213
            assert_eq!("A£ऀ𖼚𝌆৩ƐZ", unsafe {
    214
                string_array.value_unchecked(2)
    215
            });
    216
            assert_eq!(5, string_array.value_offsets()[2]);
    217
            assert_eq!(20, string_array.value_length(2)); // 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1
    218
            assert_eq!(8, string_array.num_chars(2));
    219
            for i in 0..3 {
    220
                assert!(string_array.is_valid(i));
    221
                assert!(!string_array.is_null(i));
    222
            }
    223
        }
    224
    225
        #[test]
    226
        fn test_nested_string_array() {
    227
            let string_builder = StringBuilder::with_capacity(3, 10);
    228
            let mut list_of_string_builder = ListBuilder::new(string_builder);
    229
    230
            list_of_string_builder.values().append_value("foo");
    231
            list_of_string_builder.values().append_value("bar");
    232
            list_of_string_builder.append(true);
    233
    234
            list_of_string_builder.values().append_value("foobar");
    235
            list_of_string_builder.append(true);
    236
            let list_of_strings = list_of_string_builder.finish();
    237
    238
            assert_eq!(list_of_strings.len(), 2);
    239
    240
            let first_slot = list_of_strings.value(0);
    241
            let first_list = first_slot.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringArray>().unwrap();
    242
            assert_eq!(first_list.len(), 2);
    243
            assert_eq!(first_list.value(0), "foo");
    244
            assert_eq!(unsafe { first_list.value_unchecked(0) }, "foo");
    245
            assert_eq!(first_list.value(1), "bar");
    246
            assert_eq!(unsafe { first_list.value_unchecked(1) }, "bar");
    247
    248
            let second_slot = list_of_strings.value(1);
    249
            let second_list = second_slot.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringArray>().unwrap();
    250
            assert_eq!(second_list.len(), 1);
    251
            assert_eq!(second_list.value(0), "foobar");
    252
            assert_eq!(unsafe { second_list.value_unchecked(0) }, "foobar");
    253
        }
    254
    255
        #[test]
    256
        #[should_panic(
    257
            expected = "Trying to access an element at index 4 from a StringArray of length 3"
    258
        )]
    259
        fn test_string_array_get_value_index_out_of_bound() {
    260
            let values: [u8; 12] = [
    261
                b'h', b'e', b'l', b'l', b'o', b'p', b'a', b'r', b'q', b'u', b'e', b't',
    262
            ];
    263
            let offsets: [i32; 4] = [0, 5, 5, 12];
    264
            let array_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Utf8)
    265
                .len(3)
    266
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from_slice_ref(offsets))
    267
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from_slice_ref(values))
    268
                .build()
    269
                .unwrap();
    270
            let string_array = StringArray::from(array_data);
    271
            string_array.value(4);
    272
        }
    273
    274
        #[test]
    275
        fn test_string_array_fmt_debug() {
    276
            let arr: StringArray = vec!["hello", "arrow"].into();
    277
            assert_eq!(
    278
                "StringArray\n[\n  \"hello\",\n  \"arrow\",\n]",
    279
                format!("{arr:?}")
    280
            );
    281
        }
    282
    283
        #[test]
    284
        fn test_large_string_array_fmt_debug() {
    285
            let arr: LargeStringArray = vec!["hello", "arrow"].into();
    286
            assert_eq!(
    287
                "LargeStringArray\n[\n  \"hello\",\n  \"arrow\",\n]",
    288
                format!("{arr:?}")
    289
            );
    290
        }
    291
    292
        #[test]
    293
        fn test_string_array_from_iter() {
    294
            let data = [Some("hello"), None, Some("arrow")];
    295
            let data_vec = data.to_vec();
    296
            // from Vec<Option<&str>>
    297
            let array1 = StringArray::from(data_vec.clone());
    298
            // from Iterator<Option<&str>>
    299
            let array2: StringArray = data_vec.clone().into_iter().collect();
    300
            // from Iterator<Option<String>>
    301
            let array3: StringArray = data_vec
    302
                .into_iter()
    303
                .map(|x| x.map(|s| s.to_string()))
    304
                .collect();
    305
            // from Iterator<&Option<&str>>
    306
            let array4: StringArray = data.iter().collect::<StringArray>();
    307
    308
            assert_eq!(array1, array2);
    309
            assert_eq!(array2, array3);
    310
            assert_eq!(array3, array4);
    311
        }
    312
    313
        #[test]
    314
        fn test_string_array_from_iter_values() {
    315
            let data = ["hello", "hello2"];
    316
            let array1 = StringArray::from_iter_values(data.iter());
    317
    318
            assert_eq!(array1.value(0), "hello");
    319
            assert_eq!(array1.value(1), "hello2");
    320
    321
            // Also works with String types.
    322
            let data2 = ["goodbye".to_string(), "goodbye2".to_string()];
    323
            let array2 = StringArray::from_iter_values(data2.iter());
    324
    325
            assert_eq!(array2.value(0), "goodbye");
    326
            assert_eq!(array2.value(1), "goodbye2");
    327
        }
    328
    329
        #[test]
    330
        fn test_string_array_from_unbound_iter() {
    331
            // iterator that doesn't declare (upper) size bound
    332
            let string_iter = (0..)
    333
                .scan(0usize, |pos, i| {
    334
                    if *pos < 10 {
    335
                        *pos += 1;
    336
                        Some(Some(format!("value {i}")))
    337
                    } else {
    338
                        // actually returns up to 10 values
    339
                        None
    340
                    }
    341
                })
    342
                // limited using take()
    343
                .take(100);
    344
    345
            let (_, upper_size_bound) = string_iter.size_hint();
    346
            // the upper bound, defined by take above, is 100
    347
            assert_eq!(upper_size_bound, Some(100));
    348
            let string_array: StringArray = string_iter.collect();
    349
            // but the actual number of items in the array should be 10
    350
            assert_eq!(string_array.len(), 10);
    351
        }
    352
    353
        #[test]
    354
        fn test_string_array_all_null() {
    355
            let data: Vec<Option<&str>> = vec![None];
    356
            let array = StringArray::from(data);
    357
            array
    358
                .into_data()
    359
                .validate_full()
    360
                .expect("All null array has valid array data");
    361
        }
    362
    363
        #[test]
    364
        fn test_large_string_array_all_null() {
    365
            let data: Vec<Option<&str>> = vec![None];
    366
            let array = LargeStringArray::from(data);
    367
            array
    368
                .into_data()
    369
                .validate_full()
    370
                .expect("All null array has valid array data");
    371
        }
    372
    373
        fn _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
    374
            let values = b"HelloArrowAndParquet";
    375
            // "ArrowAndParquet"
    376
            let child_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::UInt8)
    377
                .len(15)
    378
                .offset(5)
    379
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from(values))
    380
                .build()
    381
                .unwrap();
    382
    383
            let offsets = [0, 5, 8, 15].map(|n| O::from_usize(n).unwrap());
    384
            let null_buffer = Buffer::from_slice_ref([0b101]);
    385
            let data_type = GenericListArray::<O>::DATA_TYPE_CONSTRUCTOR(Arc::new(
    386
                Field::new_list_field(DataType::UInt8, false),
    387
            ));
    388
    389
            // [None, Some("Parquet")]
    390
            let array_data = ArrayData::builder(data_type)
    391
                .len(2)
    392
                .offset(1)
    393
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from_slice_ref(offsets))
    394
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(null_buffer))
    395
                .add_child_data(child_data)
    396
                .build()
    397
                .unwrap();
    398
            let list_array = GenericListArray::<O>::from(array_data);
    399
            let string_array = GenericStringArray::<O>::from(list_array);
    400
    401
            assert_eq!(2, string_array.len());
    402
            assert_eq!(1, string_array.null_count());
    403
            assert!(string_array.is_null(0));
    404
            assert!(string_array.is_valid(1));
    405
            assert_eq!("Parquet", string_array.value(1));
    406
        }
    407
    408
        #[test]
    409
        fn test_string_array_from_list_array() {
    410
            _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array::<i32>();
    411
        }
    412
    413
        #[test]
    414
        fn test_large_string_array_from_list_array() {
    415
            _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array::<i64>();
    416
        }
    417
    418
        fn _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array_with_child_nulls_failed<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
    419
            let values = b"HelloArrow";
    420
            let child_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::UInt8)
    421
                .len(10)
    422
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from(values))
    423
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(Buffer::from_slice_ref([0b1010101010])))
    424
                .build()
    425
                .unwrap();
    426
    427
            let offsets = [0, 5, 10].map(|n| O::from_usize(n).unwrap());
    428
    429
            // It is possible to create a null struct containing a non-nullable child
    430
            // see https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/3244 for details
    431
            let data_type = GenericListArray::<O>::DATA_TYPE_CONSTRUCTOR(Arc::new(
    432
                Field::new_list_field(DataType::UInt8, true),
    433
            ));
    434
    435
            // [None, Some(b"Parquet")]
    436
            let array_data = ArrayData::builder(data_type)
    437
                .len(2)
    438
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from_slice_ref(offsets))
    439
                .add_child_data(child_data)
    440
                .build()
    441
                .unwrap();
    442
            let list_array = GenericListArray::<O>::from(array_data);
    443
            drop(GenericStringArray::<O>::from(list_array));
    444
        }
    445
    446
        #[test]
    447
        #[should_panic(expected = "The child array cannot contain null values.")]
    448
        fn test_string_array_from_list_array_with_child_nulls_failed() {
    449
            _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array_with_child_nulls_failed::<i32>();
    450
        }
    451
    452
        #[test]
    453
        #[should_panic(expected = "The child array cannot contain null values.")]
    454
        fn test_large_string_array_from_list_array_with_child_nulls_failed() {
    455
            _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array_with_child_nulls_failed::<i64>();
    456
        }
    457
    458
        fn _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array_wrong_type<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
    459
            let values = b"HelloArrow";
    460
            let child_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::UInt16)
    461
                .len(5)
    462
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from(values))
    463
                .build()
    464
                .unwrap();
    465
    466
            let offsets = [0, 2, 3].map(|n| O::from_usize(n).unwrap());
    467
            let data_type = GenericListArray::<O>::DATA_TYPE_CONSTRUCTOR(Arc::new(
    468
                Field::new_list_field(DataType::UInt16, false),
    469
            ));
    470
    471
            let array_data = ArrayData::builder(data_type)
    472
                .len(2)
    473
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from_slice_ref(offsets))
    474
                .add_child_data(child_data)
    475
                .build()
    476
                .unwrap();
    477
            let list_array = GenericListArray::<O>::from(array_data);
    478
            drop(GenericStringArray::<O>::from(list_array));
    479
        }
    480
    481
        #[test]
    482
        #[should_panic(
    483
            expected = "BinaryArray can only be created from List<u8> arrays, mismatched data types."
    484
        )]
    485
        fn test_string_array_from_list_array_wrong_type() {
    486
            _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array_wrong_type::<i32>();
    487
        }
    488
    489
        #[test]
    490
        #[should_panic(
    491
            expected = "BinaryArray can only be created from List<u8> arrays, mismatched data types."
    492
        )]
    493
        fn test_large_string_array_from_list_array_wrong_type() {
    494
            _test_generic_string_array_from_list_array_wrong_type::<i64>();
    495
        }
    496
    497
        #[test]
    498
        #[should_panic(
    499
            expected = "Encountered non UTF-8 data: invalid utf-8 sequence of 1 bytes from index 0"
    500
        )]
    501
        fn test_list_array_utf8_validation() {
    502
            let mut builder = ListBuilder::new(PrimitiveBuilder::<UInt8Type>::new());
    503
            builder.values().append_value(0xFF);
    504
            builder.append(true);
    505
            let list = builder.finish();
    506
            let _ = StringArray::from(list);
    507
        }
    508
    509
        #[test]
    510
        fn test_empty_offsets() {
    511
            let string = StringArray::from(
    512
                ArrayData::builder(DataType::Utf8)
    513
                    .buffers(vec![Buffer::from(&[]), Buffer::from(&[])])
    514
                    .build()
    515
                    .unwrap(),
    516
            );
    517
            assert_eq!(string.len(), 0);
    518
            assert_eq!(string.value_offsets(), &[0]);
    519
    520
            let string = LargeStringArray::from(
    521
                ArrayData::builder(DataType::LargeUtf8)
    522
                    .buffers(vec![Buffer::from(&[]), Buffer::from(&[])])
    523
                    .build()
    524
                    .unwrap(),
    525
            );
    526
            assert_eq!(string.len(), 0);
    527
            assert_eq!(string.value_offsets(), &[0]);
    528
        }
    529
    530
        #[test]
    531
        fn test_into_builder() {
    532
            let array: StringArray = vec!["hello", "arrow"].into();
    533
    534
            // Append values
    535
            let mut builder = array.into_builder().unwrap();
    536
    537
            builder.append_value("rust");
    538
    539
            let expected: StringArray = vec!["hello", "arrow", "rust"].into();
    540
            let array = builder.finish();
    541
            assert_eq!(expected, array);
    542
        }
    543
    544
        #[test]
    545
        fn test_into_builder_err() {
    546
            let array: StringArray = vec!["hello", "arrow"].into();
    547
    548
            // Clone it, so we cannot get a mutable builder back
    549
            let shared_array = array.clone();
    550
    551
            let err_return = array.into_builder().unwrap_err();
    552
            assert_eq!(&err_return, &shared_array);
    553
        }
    554
    }