feat: support node:process's execve()

[Copilot]

Implements process.execve() from Node.js 22.15.0 LTS, which replaces the current process via the POSIX execve syscall. Unix-only, experimental.

import process from "node:process";

process.execve("/usr/bin/env", ["env", "echo", "hello"], { ...process.env });
// process is replaced — this line never runs

Changes

• ext/node/ops/process.rs: New op_node_process_execve — converts args/env to CStrings, calls libc::execve. Returns NotSupported on non-Unix. Gated behind check_run_all.
• ext/node/polyfills/process.ts: JS execve() with Node-matching validation (execPath, args, env null-byte checks), worker thread guard (ERR_WORKER_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION), platform guard (ERR_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE_ON_PLATFORM). Only exposed on non-Windows.
• ext/node/lib.rs: Op registration.
• tests/specs/node/process_execve/: Spec test covering the end-to-end replace-and-verify flow.
• tests/node_compat/config.jsonc: Added test-process-execve-validation.js and test-process-execve-worker-threads.js (both passing).

Note on test-process-execve.js

The main Node.js compat test calls execve to re-invoke the deno binary without -A, so the replacement process lacks permissions. This is inherent to execve replacing the process image. The validation and worker-thread tests pass; the end-to-end flow is covered by the spec test which includes -A in the replacement args.

Original prompt

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This section details on the original issue you should resolve

<issue_title>Support node:process's execve()</issue_title>
<issue_description>Node 22.15.0 LTS adds a new execve() function to node:process:

• process: add execve nodejs/node#56496

It would be great if Deno supported it. This function is very difficult to mimic otherwise, requiring interfacing with system native APIs (example).</issue_description>

<agent_instructions>Try to implement it - check the docs at https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processexecvefile-args-env. The relevant file to implement it in is in ext/node/polyfills/process.ts. It would be good to get cargo test --test node_compat test/parallel/test-process-execve.js passing.</agent_instructions>

Comments on the Issue (you are @copilot in this section)

@marvinhagemeister Note that this is flagged as "Stability 1 - Experimental" on the Node side, which means it's subject to change at any time, including breaking changes according to their stability tiers.

• Fixes Support node:process's execve() #29017

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