chore: Upgrade base image for docker image used in building CDKTF

[mutahhir]

Description

In preparation for updating the minimum version of Node supported by CDKTF to Node 20, this PR updates the base docker image to the one with Node 20 support

Checklist

• I have updated the PR title to match CDKTF's style guide
• I have run the linter on my code locally
• I have performed a self-review of my code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation if applicable
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works if applicable
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes

[github-actions]

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