feat(Algebra): Ischebeck theorem

[Thmoas-Guan]

This PR mainly proved the Ischbecke theorem, stating that depth(N,M) is greater or equal to depth(M) - dim(N) for finitely generated module N, M over local ring.

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• depends on: feat(Algebra): definition of depth #26214
• depends on: [Merged by Bors] - feat(RingTheory/Homology): Ext over Noetherian ring finitely generated #32081

[Thmoas-Guan]

This PR is originally from #24922

[mathlib4-dependent-issues-bot]

This PR/issue depends on:

• feat(Algebra): definition of depth #26214
• [Merged by Bors] - feat(RingTheory/Homology): Ext over Noetherian ring finitely generated #32081
  By Dependent Issues (🤖). Happy coding!

[github-actions]

PR summary 2ff88851d5

Import changes exceeding 2%

%	File
+25.23%	Mathlib.RingTheory.Regular.Depth

Import changes for modified files

Dependency changes

File	Base Count	Head Count	Change
Mathlib.RingTheory.Regular.Depth	1815	2273	+458 (+25.23%)
Mathlib.RingTheory.Regular.Category	1480	1343	-137 (-9.26%)

Import changes for all files

Files	Import difference
Mathlib.RingTheory.Regular.Category	-137
Mathlib.RingTheory.Regular.Depth	458
Mathlib.RingTheory.Depth.Basic (new file)	2272
Mathlib.RingTheory.Depth.Ischebeck (new file)	2311

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Declarations diff

+ CategoryTheory.Abelian.Ext.pow_mono_of_mono
+ Ext.smul_id_postcomp_eq_zero_of_mem_ann
+ Ideal.depth
+ Ideal.depth_eq_of_iso
+ IsLocalRing.depth
+ IsLocalRing.depth_eq_of_iso
+ IsLocalRing.depth_eq_sSup_length_regular
+ IsLocalRing.ideal_depth_eq_sSup_length_regular
+ IsLocalRing.ideal_depth_le_depth
+ LinearMap.exact_lsmul_smul_top_mkQ
+ ModuleCat.exists_isRegular_of_exists_subsingleton_ext
+ ModuleCat.exists_isRegular_tfae
+ ModuleCat.subsingleton_ext_of_exists_isRegular
+ Submodule.comap_lt_top_of_lt_range
+ depth_le_ringKrullDim
+ depth_le_ringKrullDim_associatedPrime
+ depth_le_supportDim
+ depth_ne_top
+ ext_subsingleton_of_lt_moduleDepth
+ moduleDepth
+ moduleDepth_eq_depth_of_supp_eq
+ moduleDepth_eq_find
+ moduleDepth_eq_iff
+ moduleDepth_eq_moduleDepth_shrink
+ moduleDepth_eq_of_iso_fst
+ moduleDepth_eq_of_iso_snd
+ moduleDepth_eq_sSup_length_regular
+ moduleDepth_eq_sup_nat
+ moduleDepth_eq_top_iff
+ moduleDepth_eq_zero_of_hom_nontrivial
+ moduleDepth_ge_depth_sub_dim
+ moduleDepth_ge_min_of_shortExact_fst_fst
+ moduleDepth_ge_min_of_shortExact_fst_snd
+ moduleDepth_ge_min_of_shortExact_snd_fst
+ moduleDepth_ge_min_of_shortExact_snd_snd
+ moduleDepth_ge_min_of_shortExact_trd_fst
+ moduleDepth_ge_min_of_shortExact_trd_snd
+ moduleDepth_lt_top_iff
+ quotient_prime_ringKrullDim_ne_bot
+ ring_depth_invariant
+ ring_depth_uLift
+ smulShortComplex_f_eq_smul_id
+ smulShortComplex_f_hom_eq_smul_id

You can run this locally as follows

## summary with just the declaration names:
./scripts/pr_summary/declarations_diff.sh <optional_commit>

## more verbose report:
./scripts/pr_summary/declarations_diff.sh long <optional_commit>

The doc-module for scripts/pr_summary/declarations_diff.sh contains some details about this script.

---

Increase in tech debt: (relative, absolute) = (7.00, 0.00)

Current number	Change	Type
6422	7	backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency

Current commit 25a3c08735
Reference commit 2ff88851d5

You can run this locally as

./scripts/reporting/technical-debt-metrics.sh pr_summary

• The relative value is the weighted sum of the differences with weight given by the inverse of the current value of the statistic.
• The absolute value is the relative value divided by the total sum of the inverses of the current values (i.e. the weighted average of the differences).

[mathlib4-merge-conflict-bot]

This pull request has conflicts, please merge master and resolve them.

[mathlib4-merge-conflict-bot]

This pull request has conflicts, please merge master and resolve them.

[mathlib4-merge-conflict-bot]

This pull request has conflicts, please merge master and resolve them.

[mathlib-merge-conflicts]

This pull request has conflicts, please merge master and resolve them.