Fix K8s token refresh by caching K8sClient at executor level

plugins/nf-k8s/src/main/nextflow/k8s/K8sConfig.groovy

@@ -18,11 +18,8 @@ package nextflow.k8s
 
 import nextflow.k8s.client.K8sRetryConfig
 
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 import javax.annotation.Nullable
 
-import com.google.common.cache.Cache
-import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder
 import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
 import groovy.transform.PackageScope
 import groovy.util.logging.Slf4j
@@ -57,8 +54,6 @@ class K8sConfig implements ConfigScope {
 
     static final private Map<String,?> DEFAULT_FUSE_PLUGIN = Map.of('nextflow.io/fuse', 1)
 
-    private Cache<String, ClientConfig> clientCache
-
     @ConfigOption
     @Description("""
         Automatically mount host paths into the task pods (default: `false`). Only intended for development purposes when using a single node.
@@ -226,9 +221,6 @@ class K8sConfig implements ConfigScope {
         cleanup = opts.cleanup as Boolean
         client = opts.client as Map
         clientRefreshInterval = opts.clientRefreshInterval as Duration ?: Duration.of('50m')
-        clientCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
-            .expireAfterWrite(clientRefreshInterval.toMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
-            .build()
         computeResourceType = opts.computeResourceType
         context = opts.context
         cpuLimits = opts.cpuLimits as boolean
@@ -366,10 +358,6 @@ class K8sConfig implements ConfigScope {
     }
 
     ClientConfig getClient() {
-        return clientCache.get('client', this::getClient0)
-    }
-
-    private ClientConfig getClient0() {
         final result = client != null
                 ? clientFromNextflow(client, namespace, serviceAccount)
                 : clientDiscovery(context, namespace, serviceAccount)

plugins/nf-k8s/src/main/nextflow/k8s/K8sExecutor.groovy

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 package nextflow.k8s
 
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder
 import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
 import groovy.transform.Memoized
 import groovy.util.logging.Slf4j
@@ -41,12 +45,17 @@ import org.pf4j.ExtensionPoint
 class K8sExecutor extends Executor implements ExtensionPoint {
 
     /**
-     * The Kubernetes HTTP client
+     * Cache for the Kubernetes HTTP client. The client is refreshed periodically
+     * so that the service account token is re-read when it expires.
      */
-    private K8sClient client
+    private Cache<String, K8sClient> clientCache
 
+    /**
+     * @return The Kubernetes HTTP client. Delegates to a Guava cache that refreshes
+     * the client (including the service account token) when the configured interval expires.
+     */
     protected K8sClient getClient() {
-        client
+        clientCache.get('client', () -> new K8sClient(k8sConfig.getClient()))
     }
 
     /**
@@ -64,9 +73,12 @@ class K8sExecutor extends Executor implements ExtensionPoint {
     protected void register() {
         super.register()
         final k8sConfig = getK8sConfig()
-        final clientConfig = k8sConfig.getClient()
-        this.client = new K8sClient(clientConfig)
-        log.debug "[K8s] config=$k8sConfig; API client config=$clientConfig"
+        final refreshInterval = k8sConfig.clientRefreshInterval
+        this.clientCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+            .expireAfterWrite(refreshInterval.toMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            .build()
+        final client = getClient()
+        log.debug "[K8s] config=$k8sConfig; API client config=$client.config"
     }
 
     /**

plugins/nf-k8s/src/main/nextflow/k8s/K8sTaskHandler.groovy

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class K8sTaskHandler extends TaskHandler implements FusionAwareTask {
     K8sTaskHandler( TaskRun task, K8sExecutor executor ) {
         super(task)
         this.executor = executor
-        this.client = executor.client
+        this.client = executor.getClient()
         this.outputFile = task.workDir.resolve(TaskRun.CMD_OUTFILE)
         this.errorFile = task.workDir.resolve(TaskRun.CMD_ERRFILE)
         this.exitFile = task.workDir.resolve(TaskRun.CMD_EXIT)

plugins/nf-k8s/src/test/nextflow/k8s/K8sConfigTest.groovy

@@ -484,33 +484,4 @@ class K8sConfigTest extends Specification {
         cfg.clientRefreshInterval == Duration.of('1h')
     }
 
-    def 'should cache client config and refresh after expiration' () {
-        given:
-        def CONFIG = [
-            namespace: 'test-ns',
-            serviceAccount: 'test-sa',
-            client: [server: 'http://k8s-server'],
-            clientRefreshInterval: '100ms'
-        ]
-        K8sConfig config = Spy(K8sConfig, constructorArgs: [CONFIG])
-
-        when: 'first call to getClient'
-        def client1 = config.getClient()
-        then: 'client is created via clientFromNextflow'
-        1 * config.clientFromNextflow(_, _, _) >> new ClientConfig(server: 'http://k8s-server', namespace: 'test-ns')
-        client1.server == 'http://k8s-server'
-
-        when: 'second call within cache interval'
-        def client2 = config.getClient()
-        then: 'returns cached client without calling clientFromNextflow again'
-        0 * config.clientFromNextflow(_, _, _)
-        client2.is(client1)
-
-        when: 'call after cache expiration'
-        sleep(150) // wait for cache to expire
-        def client3 = config.getClient()
-        then: 'client is recreated'
-        1 * config.clientFromNextflow(_, _, _) >> new ClientConfig(server: 'http://k8s-server', namespace: 'test-ns')
-        !client3.is(client1)
-    }
 }

plugins/nf-k8s/src/test/nextflow/k8s/K8sExecutorTest.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2013-2026, Seqera Labs
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package nextflow.k8s
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder
+import nextflow.k8s.client.ClientConfig
+import nextflow.k8s.client.K8sClient
+import spock.lang.Specification
+
+/**
+ * @author Paolo Di Tommaso <paolo.ditommaso@gmail.com>
+ */
+class K8sExecutorTest extends Specification {
+
+    def 'should cache k8s client and refresh after expiration' () {
+        given:
+        def CONFIG = new K8sConfig(
+            client: [server: 'http://k8s-server'],
+            namespace: 'test-ns',
+            serviceAccount: 'test-sa',
+            clientRefreshInterval: '100ms'
+        )
+        and:
+        def executor = Spy(K8sExecutor)
+        executor.getK8sConfig() >> CONFIG
+        // use a short-lived cache for the test
+        executor.@clientCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+            .expireAfterWrite(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            .build()
+
+        when: 'first call to getClient'
+        def client1 = executor.getClient()
+        then: 'a new K8sClient is created'
+        client1 instanceof K8sClient
+        client1.config.server == 'http://k8s-server'
+
+        when: 'second call within cache interval'
+        def client2 = executor.getClient()
+        then: 'returns the same cached instance'
+        client2.is(client1)
+
+        when: 'call after cache expiration'
+        sleep(150)
+        def client3 = executor.getClient()
+        then: 'a new K8sClient instance is created'
+        client3 instanceof K8sClient
+        !client3.is(client1)
+    }
+
+}