Make the SDK more forgiving for ObjectDisposedException

[reyang]

Fixes #3269.

I guess 99% of the cases it was due to the user's fault - e.g. LoggerProvider disposed before worker threads join, MeterProvider disposed while the Exporter is still busy. The rest 1% came from the underlying libraries/frameworks that the user has no control over (e.g. the framework doesn't have a proper shutdown mechanism).

Anyways I think the OpenTelemetry design principle encourages the SDK to be more forgiving after the initialization succeeded.

[reyang]

FYI @ppumkin.

[CodeBlanch]

LGTM

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3291 (93777d2) into main (eb8844a) will increase coverage by 0.17%.
The diff coverage is 50.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3291      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.41%   85.59%   +0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         263      263              
  Lines        9487     9501      +14     
==========================================
+ Hits         8103     8132      +29     
+ Misses       1384     1369      -15     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/OpenTelemetry/BatchExportProcessor.cs	81.90% <50.00%> (-5.47%)	⬇️
...Telemetry/Metrics/PeriodicExportingMetricReader.cs	72.72% <50.00%> (-3.75%)	⬇️
...emetry.Api/Internal/OpenTelemetryApiEventSource.cs	76.47% <0.00%> (-5.89%)	⬇️
...nTelemetry/Internal/OpenTelemetrySdkEventSource.cs	76.72% <0.00%> (+2.58%)	⬆️
...metryProtocol/Implementation/ActivityExtensions.cs	95.62% <0.00%> (+4.37%)	⬆️
...lemetry/Internal/SelfDiagnosticsConfigRefresher.cs	92.30% <0.00%> (+5.76%)	⬆️
...xporter.OpenTelemetryProtocol/OtlpTraceExporter.cs	77.27% <0.00%> (+18.18%)	⬆️
...entation/ExportClient/OtlpGrpcTraceExportClient.cs	78.57% <0.00%> (+28.57%)	⬆️
... and 1 more

[p10tyr]

Amazing thank you very much !

When will this be available. I guess its going to be in OpenTelemetry.Exporter.OpenTelemetryProtocol.Logs package still?
Once that is out I can release and turn on again to see what happens in the wild