[Metrics] Clean up repo exporters to use new DI patterns

[CodeBlanch]

Changes

• Updates the metric exporters to use the new DI API surface.

• Adds support for named options in metric exporter registrations.

  The SdkSupportsMultipleReaders test exposed an issue with our pattern! We are doing serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IOptions<OptionsType>>() everywhere. That is giving us (more or less) a global options instance (really what it does is just use the default name). Works fine when only a single exporter is registered, but if multiple are in play there be dragons. To solve this I added overloads where users can specify a name to control the options. Users who don't need this don't need to do anything they will just continue to use the default instance.

TODOs

• CHANGELOG updates.
• Unit tests.

[alanwest]

Named options.. nice!

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3648 (0cbd128) into main (6ff512c) will increase coverage by 0.24%.
The diff coverage is 98.55%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3648      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   87.62%   87.87%   +0.24%     
==========================================
  Files         284      283       -1     
  Lines       10195    10215      +20     
==========================================
+ Hits         8933     8976      +43     
+ Misses       1262     1239      -23     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...nTelemetryProtocol/OtlpMetricExporterExtensions.cs	94.11% <95.65%> (+32.57%)	⬆️
...rter.InMemory/InMemoryExporterMetricsExtensions.cs	97.82% <100.00%> (+5.32%)	⬆️
.../PrometheusExporterApplicationBuilderExtensions.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rometheusExporterEndpointRouteBuilderExtensions.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rometheusExporterMeterProviderBuilderExtensions.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (+7.14%)	⬆️
...theusHttpListenerMeterProviderBuilderExtensions.cs	92.85% <100.00%> (+5.35%)	⬆️
src/OpenTelemetry/Metrics/MeterProviderSdk.cs	89.90% <0.00%> (+0.32%)	⬆️
...Telemetry/Internal/SelfDiagnosticsEventListener.cs	97.65% <0.00%> (+0.78%)	⬆️
...metryProtocol/Implementation/ActivityExtensions.cs	96.15% <0.00%> (+1.09%)	⬆️
...nTelemetry/Internal/OpenTelemetrySdkEventSource.cs	79.16% <0.00%> (+1.66%)	⬆️
... and 3 more

[CodeBlanch]

[Updated the description with info about why the named options got introduced.]