Add ProxyLoggerProvider, ProxyLogger and associated tests

[garry-cairns]

Description

Resolves issue 3060 by adding ProxyLoggerProvider, ProxyLogger and associated tests.

Fixes #3060

Type of change

• [] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

How Has This Been Tested?

Test cases added and passing with tox -e opentelemetry-api

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

Answer the following question based on these examples of changes that would require a Contrib Repo Change:

• The OTel specification has changed which prompted this PR to update the method interfaces of opentelemetry-api/ or opentelemetry-sdk/

• The method interfaces of test/util have changed

• Scripts in scripts/ that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed

• Configuration files that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed (when consistency between repositories is applicable) such as in

  • pyproject.toml
  • isort.cfg
  • .flake8

• When a new .github/CODEOWNER is added

• Major changes to project information, such as in:

  • README.md
  • CONTRIBUTING.md

• Yes. - Link to PR:

• No.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[srikanthccv]

Mostly LGTM, some comments

[garry-cairns]

@srikanthccv Do you need anything more from me here? I'm really keen to do anything we can to progress logs to stable as I'm looking to get them into production where I work this year.

[srikanthccv]

Minor comment about changelog entry, otherwise looks good to me.

[srikanthccv]

Thanks, Please take a look at #3361 if you are interested in helping make logs SDK stable.

[garry-cairns]

@ocelotl Sorry I misread what had happened here and deleted my branch, which closed the PR. Reopening so this can be merged properly.