Fix flush exception thrown when LoggerProvider not configured

[iurisilvio]

Description

I found #3423 fixing a similar issue and reused most of the idea. I preferred to write a test using the proper spec NoOpLoggerProvider instead of using the generic LogProvider and mocking the force_flush method.

I checked for other uses of logger_provider but didn't find any.

Fixes #3602

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes. Provide instructions so we can reproduce. Please also list any relevant details for your test configuration

• Unit test

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

Answer the following question based on these examples of changes that would require a Contrib Repo Change:

• The OTel specification has changed which prompted this PR to update the method interfaces of opentelemetry-api/ or opentelemetry-sdk/

• The method interfaces of test/util have changed

• Scripts in scripts/ that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed

• Configuration files that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed (when consistency between repositories is applicable) such as in

  • pyproject.toml
  • isort.cfg
  • .flake8

• When a new .github/CODEOWNER is added

• Major changes to project information, such as in:

  • README.md
  • CONTRIBUTING.md

• Yes. - Link to PR:

• No.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

Happy new year! 🎉 🎆 🍰

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: iurisilvio / name: Iuri de Silvio (1ddd505)
• ✅ login: ocelotl / name: Diego Hurtado (41449c2, b219f01)

[ocelotl]

This test case passes but it is hiding an error:

py311-opentelemetry-sdk: commands[0] /home/tigre/github/ocelotl/opentelemetry-python/opentelemetry-sdk/tests> pytest -k test_log_flush_noop -s -v -rf
===================================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.11.2, pytest-7.1.3, pluggy-1.4.0 -- /home/tigre/github/ocelotl/opentelemetry-python/.tox/py311-opentelemetry-sdk/bin/python
cachedir: .tox/py311-opentelemetry-sdk/.pytest_cache
benchmark: 4.0.0 (defaults: timer=time.perf_counter disable_gc=False min_rounds=5 min_time=0.000005 max_time=1.0 calibration_precision=10 warmup=False warmup_iterations=100000)
rootdir: /home/tigre/github/ocelotl/opentelemetry-python, configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: flaky-3.7.0, benchmark-4.0.0
collected 491 items / 490 deselected / 1 selected                                                                                                                                              

logs/test_handler.py::TestLoggingHandler::test_log_flush_noop PASSED

============================================================================== 1 passed, 490 deselected in 0.27s ===============================================================================
Exception ignored in atexit callback: <function shutdown at 0x7f519fff3240>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/tigre/.pyenv/versions/3.11.2/lib/python3.11/logging/__init__.py", line 2192, in shutdown
    h.flush()
  File "/home/tigre/github/ocelotl/opentelemetry-python/.tox/py311-opentelemetry-sdk/lib/python3.11/site-packages/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py", line 559, in flush
    self._logger_provider.force_flush()
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/tigre/.pyenv/versions/3.11.2/lib/python3.11/unittest/mock.py", line 647, in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError("Mock object has no attribute %r" % name)
AttributeError: Mock object has no attribute 'force_flush'
  py311-opentelemetry-sdk: OK (10.91=setup[0.04]+cmd[1.41,8.91,0.55] seconds)
  congratulations :) (11.01 seconds)