[3.0] *: support parsing all PARTITION BY syntax (#345)

[kennytm]

What problem does this PR solve?

Cherry-picks #345 to release-3.0.

See also pingcap/tidb#11373.

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test

Code changes

• Has exported variable/fields change

Side effects

Related changes

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release-3.0@c3bdffe). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is 4.33%.

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##             release-3.0     #395   +/-   ##
==============================================
  Coverage               ?   51.02%           
==============================================
  Files                  ?       31           
  Lines                  ?     6840           
  Branches               ?        0           
==============================================
  Hits                   ?     3490           
  Misses                 ?     3001           
  Partials               ?      349

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
parser.go	70.58% <ø> (ø)
misc.go	96.42% <ø> (ø)
model/model.go	37.64% <0%> (ø)
terror/terror.go	71.77% <0%> (ø)
ast/ddl.go	44.47% <4.42%> (ø)

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[kennytm]

PTAL @crazycs520

[kennytm]

Ping @crazycs520

[zz-jason]

LGTM

[tiancaiamao]

LGTM